PRAXIS 5422,,, Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: The ASCA National Model guides school counselors in the development of school
counseling programs that:
Answer: - are based on data-informed decision making - are delivered to all students systematically -
include a developmentally appropriate curriculum focused on the mindsets and behaviors, all students need
for post-secondary readiness and success - close achievement and opportunity gaps - result in improved
student achievement, attendance, and discipline
Question 2: Data review
Answer: involves a systematic examination of current school achievement, attendance and discipline data. It
is standard practice for school staff to review and analyze school data annually.
Question 3: Data-informed vs. data-responsive
Answer: Data-informed: consistently reviews school data to reveal trends, inequities, and student needs
revealed by changes Data-responsive: further uses data to determine if school counseling program is
effective and to make decisions about future practice
Question 4: Ratios
Answer: 250:1 Research shows that appropriate student-to-school counselor ratios have a significant effect
on student attendance and lead to high test scores
Question 5: The framework of the ASCA National Model consists of four components
Answer: Define Manage Deliver Assess
Question 6: DEFINE
Answer: 3 sets of school counseling standards define the school counseling profession & help new and
experienced school counselors develop, implement, and assess their school counseling program to improve
student outcomes
Question 7: Define: Student Standards
Answer: ASCA Mindsets and Behaviors for Student Success: K-12 College and Career Readiness for every
student
Question 8: Define: Professional Standards
Answer: - ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors - ASCA School Counselor Professional
Standards and Competencies
Page 1
,Question 9: MANAGE
Answer: program focus and planning tools to guide the design and implementation of a school counseling
program that gets results (behind-the-scenes component, planning to deliver)
Question 10: Manage: PRO- GRAM FOCUS
Answer: Beliefs Vision Statement Mission Statement
Question 11: Manage: PRO- GRAM PLAN- NING
Answer: - School Data Summary - Annual Student Outcome Goals - Action Plans: classroom/group and
closing the gap - Lesson plans - Annual administrative conference - Use of time - Calendars: Annual and
Weekly - Advisory council
Question 12: DELIVER
Answer: direct and indirect student services help students develop the ASCA Mindsets and Behaviors for
student success and improve their achievement, attendance, and discipline
Question 13: Deliver: DIRECT STUDENT SER- VICES
Answer: Instruction Appraisal and Advisement Counseling
Question 14: Deliver: INDI- RECT STUDENT SERVICES
Answer: Consultation Collaboration Referrals
Question 15: Time
Answer: A minimum of 80% of a school counselor's time should be spent in direct and indirect student
services
Question 16: ASSESS
Answer: school counselors regularly assess their program to: - determine its effectiveness - inform
improvements to their school counseling program design and delivery - show how students are different as a
result of the school counseling program School counselors also self-assess their own mindsets and
behaviors to inform their professional development and annually participate in a school counselor
performance appraisal with a qualified administrator
Question 17: Assess: PRO- GRAM ASSESS- MENT
Answer: - School Counseling Program Assessment - Annual Results Reports (2): Classroom Results Report
/ Small-Group Results Report; Closing-the-Gap Results Report:
Page 2
,Question 18: Assess: SCHOOL COUNSELOR AS- SESSMENT & AP- PRAISAL
Answer: - ASCA School Counselor Professional Standards and Competencies Assessment - School
Counselor Performance Appraisal Template
Question 19: APPROPRIATE Activities for School Counselors
Answer: - Advisement and appraisal for academic planning - Orientation, coordination, & academic
advising for new students - Interpreting cognitive, aptitude and achievement tests - Providing counseling to
students who are tardy or absent - Providing counseling to students who have disciplinary problems -
Providing short term individual & small group counseling services to students - Consulting with teachers to
schedule & present school counseling curriculum lessons based on developmental needs and needs
identified through data - Interpreting student records - Analyzing grade point averages in relationship to
achievement - Consulting with teachers about building classroom connections, effective classroom
management, and the role of non cognitive factors in student success - Protecting student records &
information per state & federal regulations - Consulting with the school principal to identify & resolve
student issues, needs and problems - Advocating for students at individual education plan meetings and 504
meetings, student study teams and school attendance review boards, as necessary - Analyzing disaggregated
school wide and school counseling program data
Question 20: INAPPROPRIATE Activities for School Counselors
Answer: - Building the master schedule - Coordinating paperwork & data entry of all new students -
Coordinating cognitive, aptitude, & achievement testing programs - Signing excuses for students who are
tardy or absent - Performing disciplinary actors or assigning discipline consequences - Providing long term
counseling in schools to address psychological disorders - Covering classes when teachers are absent or to
create teacher planning time - Maintaining student records - Computing grade point averages - Supervising
classrooms or common areas - Keeping clerical records - Assisting with duties in the principals office -
Coordinating school wide individual education plans, student study teams, response to intervention plans,
MTSS and school attendance review boards - Serving as a data entry clerk
Question 21: What are the three ASCA domains?
Answer: Academic Career Social/Emotional Development
Question 22: Academic Development (Domain)
Answer: Standards guiding school counseling programs to implement strategies and activities to support
and maximize each student's ability to learn
Question 23: Career Development (Domain)
Answer: Standards guiding school counseling programs to help students: 1. understand the connection
between school and the world of work 2. plan for and make a successful transition from school to
post-secondary education and/or the world of work and from job to job across the lifespan
Page 3
, Question 24: Role of school counselor in career development
Answer: 1) Career counseling: service to people who need assistance in career choice/change. (2) Career
guidance: influence career development. (3) Career Development: counselors working in public schools. (4)
Career education: influence career development through education. (5) Career coaching: business effort to
provide career development to employees.
Question 25: Trait-and-Factor Theories
Answer: Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice Theory of Work Adjustment
Question 26: Theory of Work Adjustment
Answer: People have 2 needs: biological (survival) and psychological (social acceptance). Behavior
resulting in satisfaction of needs is reinforced. When individual and work needs are satisfied, there is
correspondence. 3 variables predict worker success: skills, aptitudes (potential to develop skills),
personality structure.
Question 27: Values Based Theory: Brown's Occupational Choice
Answer: Taxonomies of cultural values that influence career choice: Human Nature. Person-nature
relationship. Time orientation. Activity. Self-control. Social relationships. Collateral. Allocentrism.
Question 28: Super's Life Span, Life Space Theory
Answer: 14 propositions: e.g. People differ in abilities, personalities, needs, values, interests. Each
occupation requires characteristic pattern of abilities and traits. Vocational preferences change with time
and experience. Maxicycle. Work satisfaction is proportional to degree of implementation of self-concepts.
Work organizes personality.
Question 29: Super's maxicycle stages
Answer: - Growth: physical and psychological growth. Attitudes and behaviors the form self-concept. -
Exploration: awareness that occupation is an aspect of life. Narrowing choices. Tentative plan. -
Establishment: early encounters with actual work experiences. Trial and error. - Maintenance:
continue/improve occupational situation. - Decline: preretirement period. Focus on keeping job and meeting
minimum standards.
Question 30: Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise
Answer: 4 assumptions: (1) Career development process begins in childhood. (2) Career aspirations attempt
to implement self-concept. (3) Career satisfactions depends on degree of congruence between career and
self-perceptions. (4) People develop occupational stereotypes guiding job selection process. Final
occupational choice is a compromise. Occupational choices limited to those within tolerable constructed
boundaries.
Page 4
Question 1: The ASCA National Model guides school counselors in the development of school
counseling programs that:
Answer: - are based on data-informed decision making - are delivered to all students systematically -
include a developmentally appropriate curriculum focused on the mindsets and behaviors, all students need
for post-secondary readiness and success - close achievement and opportunity gaps - result in improved
student achievement, attendance, and discipline
Question 2: Data review
Answer: involves a systematic examination of current school achievement, attendance and discipline data. It
is standard practice for school staff to review and analyze school data annually.
Question 3: Data-informed vs. data-responsive
Answer: Data-informed: consistently reviews school data to reveal trends, inequities, and student needs
revealed by changes Data-responsive: further uses data to determine if school counseling program is
effective and to make decisions about future practice
Question 4: Ratios
Answer: 250:1 Research shows that appropriate student-to-school counselor ratios have a significant effect
on student attendance and lead to high test scores
Question 5: The framework of the ASCA National Model consists of four components
Answer: Define Manage Deliver Assess
Question 6: DEFINE
Answer: 3 sets of school counseling standards define the school counseling profession & help new and
experienced school counselors develop, implement, and assess their school counseling program to improve
student outcomes
Question 7: Define: Student Standards
Answer: ASCA Mindsets and Behaviors for Student Success: K-12 College and Career Readiness for every
student
Question 8: Define: Professional Standards
Answer: - ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors - ASCA School Counselor Professional
Standards and Competencies
Page 1
,Question 9: MANAGE
Answer: program focus and planning tools to guide the design and implementation of a school counseling
program that gets results (behind-the-scenes component, planning to deliver)
Question 10: Manage: PRO- GRAM FOCUS
Answer: Beliefs Vision Statement Mission Statement
Question 11: Manage: PRO- GRAM PLAN- NING
Answer: - School Data Summary - Annual Student Outcome Goals - Action Plans: classroom/group and
closing the gap - Lesson plans - Annual administrative conference - Use of time - Calendars: Annual and
Weekly - Advisory council
Question 12: DELIVER
Answer: direct and indirect student services help students develop the ASCA Mindsets and Behaviors for
student success and improve their achievement, attendance, and discipline
Question 13: Deliver: DIRECT STUDENT SER- VICES
Answer: Instruction Appraisal and Advisement Counseling
Question 14: Deliver: INDI- RECT STUDENT SERVICES
Answer: Consultation Collaboration Referrals
Question 15: Time
Answer: A minimum of 80% of a school counselor's time should be spent in direct and indirect student
services
Question 16: ASSESS
Answer: school counselors regularly assess their program to: - determine its effectiveness - inform
improvements to their school counseling program design and delivery - show how students are different as a
result of the school counseling program School counselors also self-assess their own mindsets and
behaviors to inform their professional development and annually participate in a school counselor
performance appraisal with a qualified administrator
Question 17: Assess: PRO- GRAM ASSESS- MENT
Answer: - School Counseling Program Assessment - Annual Results Reports (2): Classroom Results Report
/ Small-Group Results Report; Closing-the-Gap Results Report:
Page 2
,Question 18: Assess: SCHOOL COUNSELOR AS- SESSMENT & AP- PRAISAL
Answer: - ASCA School Counselor Professional Standards and Competencies Assessment - School
Counselor Performance Appraisal Template
Question 19: APPROPRIATE Activities for School Counselors
Answer: - Advisement and appraisal for academic planning - Orientation, coordination, & academic
advising for new students - Interpreting cognitive, aptitude and achievement tests - Providing counseling to
students who are tardy or absent - Providing counseling to students who have disciplinary problems -
Providing short term individual & small group counseling services to students - Consulting with teachers to
schedule & present school counseling curriculum lessons based on developmental needs and needs
identified through data - Interpreting student records - Analyzing grade point averages in relationship to
achievement - Consulting with teachers about building classroom connections, effective classroom
management, and the role of non cognitive factors in student success - Protecting student records &
information per state & federal regulations - Consulting with the school principal to identify & resolve
student issues, needs and problems - Advocating for students at individual education plan meetings and 504
meetings, student study teams and school attendance review boards, as necessary - Analyzing disaggregated
school wide and school counseling program data
Question 20: INAPPROPRIATE Activities for School Counselors
Answer: - Building the master schedule - Coordinating paperwork & data entry of all new students -
Coordinating cognitive, aptitude, & achievement testing programs - Signing excuses for students who are
tardy or absent - Performing disciplinary actors or assigning discipline consequences - Providing long term
counseling in schools to address psychological disorders - Covering classes when teachers are absent or to
create teacher planning time - Maintaining student records - Computing grade point averages - Supervising
classrooms or common areas - Keeping clerical records - Assisting with duties in the principals office -
Coordinating school wide individual education plans, student study teams, response to intervention plans,
MTSS and school attendance review boards - Serving as a data entry clerk
Question 21: What are the three ASCA domains?
Answer: Academic Career Social/Emotional Development
Question 22: Academic Development (Domain)
Answer: Standards guiding school counseling programs to implement strategies and activities to support
and maximize each student's ability to learn
Question 23: Career Development (Domain)
Answer: Standards guiding school counseling programs to help students: 1. understand the connection
between school and the world of work 2. plan for and make a successful transition from school to
post-secondary education and/or the world of work and from job to job across the lifespan
Page 3
, Question 24: Role of school counselor in career development
Answer: 1) Career counseling: service to people who need assistance in career choice/change. (2) Career
guidance: influence career development. (3) Career Development: counselors working in public schools. (4)
Career education: influence career development through education. (5) Career coaching: business effort to
provide career development to employees.
Question 25: Trait-and-Factor Theories
Answer: Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice Theory of Work Adjustment
Question 26: Theory of Work Adjustment
Answer: People have 2 needs: biological (survival) and psychological (social acceptance). Behavior
resulting in satisfaction of needs is reinforced. When individual and work needs are satisfied, there is
correspondence. 3 variables predict worker success: skills, aptitudes (potential to develop skills),
personality structure.
Question 27: Values Based Theory: Brown's Occupational Choice
Answer: Taxonomies of cultural values that influence career choice: Human Nature. Person-nature
relationship. Time orientation. Activity. Self-control. Social relationships. Collateral. Allocentrism.
Question 28: Super's Life Span, Life Space Theory
Answer: 14 propositions: e.g. People differ in abilities, personalities, needs, values, interests. Each
occupation requires characteristic pattern of abilities and traits. Vocational preferences change with time
and experience. Maxicycle. Work satisfaction is proportional to degree of implementation of self-concepts.
Work organizes personality.
Question 29: Super's maxicycle stages
Answer: - Growth: physical and psychological growth. Attitudes and behaviors the form self-concept. -
Exploration: awareness that occupation is an aspect of life. Narrowing choices. Tentative plan. -
Establishment: early encounters with actual work experiences. Trial and error. - Maintenance:
continue/improve occupational situation. - Decline: preretirement period. Focus on keeping job and meeting
minimum standards.
Question 30: Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise
Answer: 4 assumptions: (1) Career development process begins in childhood. (2) Career aspirations attempt
to implement self-concept. (3) Career satisfactions depends on degree of congruence between career and
self-perceptions. (4) People develop occupational stereotypes guiding job selection process. Final
occupational choice is a compromise. Occupational choices limited to those within tolerable constructed
boundaries.
Page 4
