Anatomy and Physiology I (Test #1)
Questions with Verified Answers
Cell - ANSWERSBasic structural and functional unit of the body.
Levels of the body - ANSWERSChemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level,
system level, organism level.
Basic life processes - ANSWERSA set of processes all organisms must do to live.
Metabolism - ANSWERSSum total of all chemical reactions in the body. A "basic life
process."
Anabolism - ANSWERSThe phase of metabolism in which simple substances are
synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue. Building upward.
Catabolism - ANSWERSThe process of breaking things down.
Responsiveness - ANSWERSReact to a stimulus/change in environment. A "basic life
process."
Growth/maturation - ANSWERSAn increase in size and in chance of survival. We must
get smarter, learn what is helpful and harmful. A "basic life process."
Movement - ANSWERSLocomotion, transportation. Can include the pulsing of the
heart, blood flowing, air moving in and out of lungs... A "basic life process."
Differentiation - ANSWERSStarts in the womb; cells change shape and function to form
skin, organs, etc. (Ex. We start as one cell, a fertilized egg, then grow to trillions of
cells.) Cells are replaced and formed. A "basic life process."
Reproduction - ANSWERSForm one: reproduction of cells. Form two: reproduction of
organisms (i.e. kids). A "basic life process."
Homeostasis - ANSWERSMaintaining a constant and optimal internal environment.
, Internal environment - ANSWERSBody fluids.
Feedback loops/circuit - ANSWERSMechanism used to detect when something in the
environment changes.
Negative feedback loop/circuit - ANSWERSThe body's response is in direct opposition
to the stimulus. (Ex. Stimulus causes rise in blood pressure, negative feedback circuit
makes it go back down.)
Positive feedback loop/circuit - ANSWERSThe body's response adds to the stimulus,
makes it stronger. (Two primary examples are birth and clotting.)
Physical characteristics of a fluid - ANSWERSVolume, color, pressure.
Chemical characteristics of a fluid - ANSWERSHow much sodium, etc.
Parts of a feedback loop/circuit - ANSWERS1. Receptor, detects stimulus; 2. Control
center, performs basic analysis and communicates with receptor; 3. Effector, carries out
correction, communicates with the brain. (Ex. There's a sudden change in temperature,
so the brain, unable to do anything directly, alerts sweat glands.)
Sagittal plane - ANSWERSA directional term used for the body, drawn vertically down
the center. Cuts body into left and right. Also known as "midline."
Transverse plane - ANSWERSA directional term used for the body, drawn horizontally.
Cuts body into lower and upper sections.
Frontal plane - ANSWERSA directional term used for the body, cuts into front and back
portion.
Superior - ANSWERSUpward.
Inferior - ANSWERSDownward.
Anterior/ventral - ANSWERSIn front.
Posterior/dorsal - ANSWERSIn back.
Proximal - ANSWERSCloser to "trunk" of body. Usually used in reference to limbs.
Distal - ANSWERSFurther from "trunk" of body. Usually used in reference to limbs.
Matter - ANSWERSAnything that has weight and takes up space. May not always be
visible (ex. air).
Questions with Verified Answers
Cell - ANSWERSBasic structural and functional unit of the body.
Levels of the body - ANSWERSChemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level,
system level, organism level.
Basic life processes - ANSWERSA set of processes all organisms must do to live.
Metabolism - ANSWERSSum total of all chemical reactions in the body. A "basic life
process."
Anabolism - ANSWERSThe phase of metabolism in which simple substances are
synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue. Building upward.
Catabolism - ANSWERSThe process of breaking things down.
Responsiveness - ANSWERSReact to a stimulus/change in environment. A "basic life
process."
Growth/maturation - ANSWERSAn increase in size and in chance of survival. We must
get smarter, learn what is helpful and harmful. A "basic life process."
Movement - ANSWERSLocomotion, transportation. Can include the pulsing of the
heart, blood flowing, air moving in and out of lungs... A "basic life process."
Differentiation - ANSWERSStarts in the womb; cells change shape and function to form
skin, organs, etc. (Ex. We start as one cell, a fertilized egg, then grow to trillions of
cells.) Cells are replaced and formed. A "basic life process."
Reproduction - ANSWERSForm one: reproduction of cells. Form two: reproduction of
organisms (i.e. kids). A "basic life process."
Homeostasis - ANSWERSMaintaining a constant and optimal internal environment.
, Internal environment - ANSWERSBody fluids.
Feedback loops/circuit - ANSWERSMechanism used to detect when something in the
environment changes.
Negative feedback loop/circuit - ANSWERSThe body's response is in direct opposition
to the stimulus. (Ex. Stimulus causes rise in blood pressure, negative feedback circuit
makes it go back down.)
Positive feedback loop/circuit - ANSWERSThe body's response adds to the stimulus,
makes it stronger. (Two primary examples are birth and clotting.)
Physical characteristics of a fluid - ANSWERSVolume, color, pressure.
Chemical characteristics of a fluid - ANSWERSHow much sodium, etc.
Parts of a feedback loop/circuit - ANSWERS1. Receptor, detects stimulus; 2. Control
center, performs basic analysis and communicates with receptor; 3. Effector, carries out
correction, communicates with the brain. (Ex. There's a sudden change in temperature,
so the brain, unable to do anything directly, alerts sweat glands.)
Sagittal plane - ANSWERSA directional term used for the body, drawn vertically down
the center. Cuts body into left and right. Also known as "midline."
Transverse plane - ANSWERSA directional term used for the body, drawn horizontally.
Cuts body into lower and upper sections.
Frontal plane - ANSWERSA directional term used for the body, cuts into front and back
portion.
Superior - ANSWERSUpward.
Inferior - ANSWERSDownward.
Anterior/ventral - ANSWERSIn front.
Posterior/dorsal - ANSWERSIn back.
Proximal - ANSWERSCloser to "trunk" of body. Usually used in reference to limbs.
Distal - ANSWERSFurther from "trunk" of body. Usually used in reference to limbs.
Matter - ANSWERSAnything that has weight and takes up space. May not always be
visible (ex. air).
