TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2025-2026
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+
Define Cushing's triad CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Bradycardia, progressive
hypertension (widening pulse pressure), and decreased respiratory effort
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Distributive shock with a T6 or higher injury results and vasodilation,
bradycardia, flushed warm dry skin. Risk for temperature instability.
Nursing interventions include maintaining warmth and spinal stabilization.
Define the characteristics of spinal shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Transient
loss of function can include loss of reflexes and muscle tone below the
level of industry with possible vascular response.
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its
characteristics CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ With longform fractures. Tachycardia,
Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Cardiogenic shock results from pump failure in the presence of adequate
intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output and an organ perfusion occurs
secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and or valvular
insufficiency. This can happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms
can include low blood pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest
pain shortness of breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist
skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Distributive shock occurs as a result of Mel distribution of an adequate
circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone or increased
permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis, or
anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate
preload and afterload, spinal tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and
dry skin with a cool core temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Hypovolemia is caused by a decrease in the amount of circulating volume
usually caused by massive bleeding, but also can be from vomiting and
diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure and preload, increase
heart rate respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged.
Signs include obvious bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist
skin, distended abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed
,extremities especially long bones.
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Obstructive shock is it mechanical problem that results from hypoperfusion of
the tissue due to an obstruction in either the vasculature or the heart
resulting in decreased cardiac output. Some
causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or venous air
embolism on the right side of the heart during systole in the pulmonary
artery.Signs include anxiety, muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension, chest
pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Central
cord injury results in greater weakness distally, anterior injury includes
motor loss or weakness below the cord level of injury yet sensory is intact,
Brown-Sequard (hemicord) is weak on one side with sensory deficit on
opposite side, posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the patient is
unable to use sense vibration in proprioception
Describe the measurement of an NPA CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Measure from the tip
of the patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence.
CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ The first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with
another object. The second impact occurs after the initial impact when the
occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they
collide with the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third
impact occurs when internal structures collide within the body cavity.
Measurement of an OPA CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Place the proximal end or flange of
the airway adjunct at the corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular
angle.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Placement of
a CO2 monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening
at the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal breath sounds.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
False. When placing one of these? One should consider the potential need for
a definitive airway.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? CORRECT
ANSWER ✓ ✓ The point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface
that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled
versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure CORRECT ANSWER
,✓ ✓ headache, vomiting, behavioral changes that begin with restlessness
and may progress to confusion, drowsiness, or impaired judgment
What are the four types of shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Hypovolemic,
Cardiogenic, Obstructive, & Distributive
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
What are the greatest risks for transport? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Loss of airway
patency, displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting
devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient
status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient
and/or team members
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
dilated, non-reactive pupil(s); abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension,
flaccidity); Cushing's triad, Unresponsive to per verbal and painful stimuli,
bradycardia and decreased respiratory effort
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle
accidents? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Up and over, down and under, lateral,
rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Decreased level of consciousness, hypertension, narrow pulse pressure,
tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea, skin that is cool clammy and
cyanotic, base access outside the normal range, and serum lactate levels
greater than two to 4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Obtunded stuporous or comatose state, marked hypertension and heart failure,
bradycardia with possible dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory
rate, pale cool and clammy skin, kidney liver and other organ failure,
severe acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels, worsening base access on ABGs,
coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
What are the signs of compensated shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Anxiety,
confusion, restlessness, increased respiratory rate, narrowing pulse pressure
were diastolic increases yet systolic remains unchanged, tachycardia with
bounding pulses, and decreased urinary output
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Decreased LOC, nausea vomiting headache and ipsilateral pupillary changes
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by
penetrating trauma's? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ The point of impact, the velocity
, and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs
and blood stream CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Ventilation: the active mechanical
movement of air into and out of the lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of
gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration;
and perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery
medium of oxygen to the entire body.
What are the three stages of shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Compensated,
decompensated or progressive, and irreversible.
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+
Define Cushing's triad CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Bradycardia, progressive
hypertension (widening pulse pressure), and decreased respiratory effort
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Distributive shock with a T6 or higher injury results and vasodilation,
bradycardia, flushed warm dry skin. Risk for temperature instability.
Nursing interventions include maintaining warmth and spinal stabilization.
Define the characteristics of spinal shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Transient
loss of function can include loss of reflexes and muscle tone below the
level of industry with possible vascular response.
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its
characteristics CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ With longform fractures. Tachycardia,
Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Cardiogenic shock results from pump failure in the presence of adequate
intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output and an organ perfusion occurs
secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and or valvular
insufficiency. This can happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms
can include low blood pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest
pain shortness of breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist
skin
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Distributive shock occurs as a result of Mel distribution of an adequate
circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone or increased
permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis, or
anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate
preload and afterload, spinal tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and
dry skin with a cool core temperature.
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Hypovolemia is caused by a decrease in the amount of circulating volume
usually caused by massive bleeding, but also can be from vomiting and
diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure and preload, increase
heart rate respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged.
Signs include obvious bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist
skin, distended abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed
,extremities especially long bones.
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Obstructive shock is it mechanical problem that results from hypoperfusion of
the tissue due to an obstruction in either the vasculature or the heart
resulting in decreased cardiac output. Some
causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or venous air
embolism on the right side of the heart during systole in the pulmonary
artery.Signs include anxiety, muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension, chest
pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses paradoxes.
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Central
cord injury results in greater weakness distally, anterior injury includes
motor loss or weakness below the cord level of injury yet sensory is intact,
Brown-Sequard (hemicord) is weak on one side with sensory deficit on
opposite side, posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the patient is
unable to use sense vibration in proprioception
Describe the measurement of an NPA CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Measure from the tip
of the patient's nose to the tip of the patients earlobe.
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence.
CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ The first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with
another object. The second impact occurs after the initial impact when the
occupant continues to move in the original direction of travel until they
collide with the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance. The third
impact occurs when internal structures collide within the body cavity.
Measurement of an OPA CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Place the proximal end or flange of
the airway adjunct at the corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular
angle.
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Placement of
a CO2 monitoring device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening
at the epigastrium and four lung fields for equal breath sounds.
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
False. When placing one of these? One should consider the potential need for
a definitive airway.
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? CORRECT
ANSWER ✓ ✓ The point of impact on the patient's body, the type of surface
that is hit, the tissues ability to resist (bone versus soft tissue, air-filled
versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure CORRECT ANSWER
,✓ ✓ headache, vomiting, behavioral changes that begin with restlessness
and may progress to confusion, drowsiness, or impaired judgment
What are the four types of shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Hypovolemic,
Cardiogenic, Obstructive, & Distributive
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Blunt, penetrating, thermal, or blast.
What are the greatest risks for transport? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Loss of airway
patency, displaced obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting
devices, need to replace or reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient
status change in vital signs or level of consciousness, injury to the patient
and/or team members
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
dilated, non-reactive pupil(s); abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension,
flaccidity); Cushing's triad, Unresponsive to per verbal and painful stimuli,
bradycardia and decreased respiratory effort
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle
accidents? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Up and over, down and under, lateral,
rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Decreased level of consciousness, hypertension, narrow pulse pressure,
tachycardia with weak pulses, tachypnea, skin that is cool clammy and
cyanotic, base access outside the normal range, and serum lactate levels
greater than two to 4MMOL/L.
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Obtunded stuporous or comatose state, marked hypertension and heart failure,
bradycardia with possible dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory
rate, pale cool and clammy skin, kidney liver and other organ failure,
severe acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels, worsening base access on ABGs,
coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
What are the signs of compensated shock? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Anxiety,
confusion, restlessness, increased respiratory rate, narrowing pulse pressure
were diastolic increases yet systolic remains unchanged, tachycardia with
bounding pulses, and decreased urinary output
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓
Decreased LOC, nausea vomiting headache and ipsilateral pupillary changes
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by
penetrating trauma's? CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ The point of impact, the velocity
, and speed of impact, and the proximity to the object.
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs
and blood stream CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Ventilation: the active mechanical
movement of air into and out of the lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of
gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration;
and perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the lungs as a delivery
medium of oxygen to the entire body.
What are the three stages of shock CORRECT ANSWER ✓ ✓ Compensated,
decompensated or progressive, and irreversible.
