HEALTH SCI PROMOTION 2250 MIDTERM 1
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
What 5 factors and behaviours are related to a healthy/unhealthy heart? - Answers -
Obesity/overweight (physical activity & dietary intake), stress, family history (heredity),
smoking
What is the importance of a healthy heart? - Answers - - avoid medical procedures,
complications, side-effects of drug therapies
- keeps the body going
- tool for activities
- longevity
The heart pumps blood to various parts of the body at a rate of _._ litres/minute -
Answers - 4.7 litres/minute
Ruptured or obstructed blood vessels can mean oxygen deprivation to body parts which
leads to what? - Answers - Necrosis (death of body part)
How can a myocardial infarction occur (death of heart tissue; aka heart attack)? -
Answers - Heart requires blood supply so if coronary arteries are blocked it can't get
that blood supply
Because arteries that supply heart with blood are called coronary arteries, any problem
with them is called coronary _______ disease or coronary _______ disease. - Answers
- coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary artery disease
Heart disease can be hereditary, caused by plaque buildup in the arteries, or caused by
what type of fever? - Answers - rheumatic
Most prevalent form of heart disease - Answers - Coronary heart disease
Define coronary heart disease - Answers - A condition in which the heart is supplied
with insufficient blood due to clogging of coronary arteries
World-wide more than _._ billion adults are overweight (___ million men and ___ million
women are obese) - Answers - 1.4 billion adults = overweight
200 million men, 300 million women are obese
__ million children (less than 5 years old) are overweight - Answers - 40 million
,__% of the world live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more than
underweight (overeating is killing way more people than starvation) - Answers - 65
In Canada (2012), __._% of men and __._ of women are overweight. - Answers - 41.3%
of men
26.9% of women
In Canada, __._% of people are obese (_._ million) - Answers - 18.4% (4.7 million)
1/3 of children in Canada are overweight or obese starting at _ years old. - Answers - 2
It's important to note that obesity is based on what type of data (meaning it may not be
accurate)? - Answers - self-report
London is ranked what number on the 25 fattest cities in Canada list? - Answers - 5
According to a 2005 study, unless effective interventions to reduce obesity are
developed, the steady rise in life expectancy observed in the modern era may soon
come to an end and what will happen to the youth of today? - Answers - The youth of
today will live shorter lives and we will outlive our children
Obesity is considered an _________ in developed and developing countries. - Answers
- epidemic
What is considered "the new tobacco" - Answers - obesity
Obesity affects all socio-economic groups, age groups, and both genders but not
equally. _____ SES men are MORE likely to be obese than _____ SES men. - Answers
- Higher
Lower
_____ SES women are LESS likely to be obese than _____ SES women. - Answers -
Higher
Lower
The odds of a child being overweight decrease by _% with each $10,000 higher family
income. - Answers - 3%
The odds of a child being overweight decrease by _% with each additional year of
father's education. - Answers - 4%
The odds of a child being overweight decrease __% for each additional sibling. -
Answers - 11%
When income level is the same, minorities are ____ likely to be obese than white
people, males & females - Answers - more
,High SES areas have _x more grocery stores than low SES areas which tend to have
more mom n' pop stores vs. major grocery store chains. - Answers - 3x
Food is better ______ in higher SES stores (even when considering the "same" chain).
Why is this? - Answers - Quality
Theres fewer options in poorer areas and the quality is worse (same grocery store,
poorer quality) because higher SES people have more grocery stores so if the quality is
bad they can go to another one (most higher SES people don't do grocery shopping all
in one store)
Higher SES areas have stores with better ________ of healthy foods. - Answers -
variety
Both higher and lower SES areas have easy access to fast food chains, but _______
SES areas also have more delis sandwich shops, etc. which means they have more
_________ - Answers - higher
choice
What is a model in HP? - Answers - Provide a vehicle for applying theories -
framework/map
What do models provide planners with? - Answers - Direction & a framework from which
to build interventions that can improve the health of individuals and communities.
Why is the Generalized Model used for? - Answers - To teach basic principles of
planning and evaluation emphasized in most planning models. (*it's not a new model
but rather a composite of what is represented in most, if not all other models)
What 5 basic elements/steps are included in the Generalized Model? - Answers - 1.
Addressing needs
- Collecting/analyzing data to determine the health needs of a population; setting
priorities and selecting a priority population
2. Setting goals & objectives
- What will be accomplished
3. Developing interventions
- How goals & objectives will be achieved
4. Implementing interventions
- Putting interventions into action
5. Evaluating results
- Improving quality (formative evaluation) and determining effectiveness (summative
evaluation)
What is a quasi-step in the Generlized Model and why is it not included formally? -
Answers - Pre-planning
Because it involves actions that occur before planning technically begins
, What was the CDC's planning model of preference in 1983 which shares similarities
with the Generalized Model? - Answers - PATCH (Planned Approach to Community
Health)
Idk if we need to know about the other models. - Answers - pg 46
Why do we promote the use of the generalized model if PATCH, APEX-PH, MAPP, and
MAP-IT are all theoretically good models and can each be used to successfully plan,
implement, and evaluate programs? - Answers - If the disciplines of health promotion &
health education could plan using a model that establishes a common framework with
universally accepted labels and definitions, practitioners could consistently engage in
the same process regardless of place or setting.
- Might allow for better measurement/reporting
What are the two most significant challenges you will face in planning efforts? - Answers
- 1. the preferences of stakeholders for a planning model/approach
2. interpersonal conflicts among stakeholders
T/F In practice, most planners will encounter situations where it is not feasible to use a
model in its entirety or when it is necessary to combine parts of different models to meet
specific needs. - Answers - true
Even though at first glance most models look _______ ie. one step leads to the next), in
practice, the steps outlined in the GM get blended as practitioners skip back and forth
between tasks. - Answers - Linear
The principles of this model are the building blocks for all other models and represent
the foundation of health education and health promotion practice. - Answers -
Generalized model
How does understanding the GM lead to an increased ability to apply grant writing? -
Answers - The steps/requirements related to requests for health funding almost always
relate back to the steps displayed in the generalized model.
In practice, selecting a specific planning model to apply will be based on what 5 factors?
- Answers - 1. The preferences of stakeholders (ie. decision makers, program partners,
consumers)
2. How much time and funding are available for planning purposes
3. How many resources are available for data collection and analysis
4. The degree to which your planning efforts will be consumer oriented (ie. planning is
largely based on the wants/needs of consumers or the planning process is owned by
the community itself)
5. preferences of a funding agency (in the case of a grant or contract award)
List and describe the 3 F's of program planning - Answers - 1. Fluidity
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
What 5 factors and behaviours are related to a healthy/unhealthy heart? - Answers -
Obesity/overweight (physical activity & dietary intake), stress, family history (heredity),
smoking
What is the importance of a healthy heart? - Answers - - avoid medical procedures,
complications, side-effects of drug therapies
- keeps the body going
- tool for activities
- longevity
The heart pumps blood to various parts of the body at a rate of _._ litres/minute -
Answers - 4.7 litres/minute
Ruptured or obstructed blood vessels can mean oxygen deprivation to body parts which
leads to what? - Answers - Necrosis (death of body part)
How can a myocardial infarction occur (death of heart tissue; aka heart attack)? -
Answers - Heart requires blood supply so if coronary arteries are blocked it can't get
that blood supply
Because arteries that supply heart with blood are called coronary arteries, any problem
with them is called coronary _______ disease or coronary _______ disease. - Answers
- coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary artery disease
Heart disease can be hereditary, caused by plaque buildup in the arteries, or caused by
what type of fever? - Answers - rheumatic
Most prevalent form of heart disease - Answers - Coronary heart disease
Define coronary heart disease - Answers - A condition in which the heart is supplied
with insufficient blood due to clogging of coronary arteries
World-wide more than _._ billion adults are overweight (___ million men and ___ million
women are obese) - Answers - 1.4 billion adults = overweight
200 million men, 300 million women are obese
__ million children (less than 5 years old) are overweight - Answers - 40 million
,__% of the world live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more than
underweight (overeating is killing way more people than starvation) - Answers - 65
In Canada (2012), __._% of men and __._ of women are overweight. - Answers - 41.3%
of men
26.9% of women
In Canada, __._% of people are obese (_._ million) - Answers - 18.4% (4.7 million)
1/3 of children in Canada are overweight or obese starting at _ years old. - Answers - 2
It's important to note that obesity is based on what type of data (meaning it may not be
accurate)? - Answers - self-report
London is ranked what number on the 25 fattest cities in Canada list? - Answers - 5
According to a 2005 study, unless effective interventions to reduce obesity are
developed, the steady rise in life expectancy observed in the modern era may soon
come to an end and what will happen to the youth of today? - Answers - The youth of
today will live shorter lives and we will outlive our children
Obesity is considered an _________ in developed and developing countries. - Answers
- epidemic
What is considered "the new tobacco" - Answers - obesity
Obesity affects all socio-economic groups, age groups, and both genders but not
equally. _____ SES men are MORE likely to be obese than _____ SES men. - Answers
- Higher
Lower
_____ SES women are LESS likely to be obese than _____ SES women. - Answers -
Higher
Lower
The odds of a child being overweight decrease by _% with each $10,000 higher family
income. - Answers - 3%
The odds of a child being overweight decrease by _% with each additional year of
father's education. - Answers - 4%
The odds of a child being overweight decrease __% for each additional sibling. -
Answers - 11%
When income level is the same, minorities are ____ likely to be obese than white
people, males & females - Answers - more
,High SES areas have _x more grocery stores than low SES areas which tend to have
more mom n' pop stores vs. major grocery store chains. - Answers - 3x
Food is better ______ in higher SES stores (even when considering the "same" chain).
Why is this? - Answers - Quality
Theres fewer options in poorer areas and the quality is worse (same grocery store,
poorer quality) because higher SES people have more grocery stores so if the quality is
bad they can go to another one (most higher SES people don't do grocery shopping all
in one store)
Higher SES areas have stores with better ________ of healthy foods. - Answers -
variety
Both higher and lower SES areas have easy access to fast food chains, but _______
SES areas also have more delis sandwich shops, etc. which means they have more
_________ - Answers - higher
choice
What is a model in HP? - Answers - Provide a vehicle for applying theories -
framework/map
What do models provide planners with? - Answers - Direction & a framework from which
to build interventions that can improve the health of individuals and communities.
Why is the Generalized Model used for? - Answers - To teach basic principles of
planning and evaluation emphasized in most planning models. (*it's not a new model
but rather a composite of what is represented in most, if not all other models)
What 5 basic elements/steps are included in the Generalized Model? - Answers - 1.
Addressing needs
- Collecting/analyzing data to determine the health needs of a population; setting
priorities and selecting a priority population
2. Setting goals & objectives
- What will be accomplished
3. Developing interventions
- How goals & objectives will be achieved
4. Implementing interventions
- Putting interventions into action
5. Evaluating results
- Improving quality (formative evaluation) and determining effectiveness (summative
evaluation)
What is a quasi-step in the Generlized Model and why is it not included formally? -
Answers - Pre-planning
Because it involves actions that occur before planning technically begins
, What was the CDC's planning model of preference in 1983 which shares similarities
with the Generalized Model? - Answers - PATCH (Planned Approach to Community
Health)
Idk if we need to know about the other models. - Answers - pg 46
Why do we promote the use of the generalized model if PATCH, APEX-PH, MAPP, and
MAP-IT are all theoretically good models and can each be used to successfully plan,
implement, and evaluate programs? - Answers - If the disciplines of health promotion &
health education could plan using a model that establishes a common framework with
universally accepted labels and definitions, practitioners could consistently engage in
the same process regardless of place or setting.
- Might allow for better measurement/reporting
What are the two most significant challenges you will face in planning efforts? - Answers
- 1. the preferences of stakeholders for a planning model/approach
2. interpersonal conflicts among stakeholders
T/F In practice, most planners will encounter situations where it is not feasible to use a
model in its entirety or when it is necessary to combine parts of different models to meet
specific needs. - Answers - true
Even though at first glance most models look _______ ie. one step leads to the next), in
practice, the steps outlined in the GM get blended as practitioners skip back and forth
between tasks. - Answers - Linear
The principles of this model are the building blocks for all other models and represent
the foundation of health education and health promotion practice. - Answers -
Generalized model
How does understanding the GM lead to an increased ability to apply grant writing? -
Answers - The steps/requirements related to requests for health funding almost always
relate back to the steps displayed in the generalized model.
In practice, selecting a specific planning model to apply will be based on what 5 factors?
- Answers - 1. The preferences of stakeholders (ie. decision makers, program partners,
consumers)
2. How much time and funding are available for planning purposes
3. How many resources are available for data collection and analysis
4. The degree to which your planning efforts will be consumer oriented (ie. planning is
largely based on the wants/needs of consumers or the planning process is owned by
the community itself)
5. preferences of a funding agency (in the case of a grant or contract award)
List and describe the 3 F's of program planning - Answers - 1. Fluidity
