TESTBANK
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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,TABLE OF CONTENT l7 l7
Chapter l7 01: l 7 Introduction to Genetics .................................................................................................................. 3
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Chapter l7 02: l 7 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ................................................................................... 15
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Chapter l 7 03: l 7 Basic Principles of Heredity........................................................................................................ 32
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Chapter l7 04: l 7 Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ................................................................... 59
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Chapter l7 05: l 7 Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ........................................................ 98
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Chapter l7 06: l 7 Chromosome Variation ................................................................................................................ 115
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Chapter l7 07: l 7 Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ........................................................................................ 139
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Chapter l7 08 l 7 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ............................................................................... 152
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Chapter l7 09: l 7 DNA Replication and Recombination ....................................................................................... 181
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Chapter l7 10: l 7 From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ............................................... 198
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Chapter l7 11: l 7 From DNA to Proteins: Translation ......................................................................................... 224
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Chapter l 7 12: l 7 Control of Gene Expression ...................................................................................................... 244
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Chapter l7 13: l 7 Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ................................................. 278
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Chapter l7 14: l 7 Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ...................................................................... 298
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Chapter l7 15: l 7 Genomics and Proteomics........................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter l7 16: l 7 Cancer Genetics............................................................................................................................ 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ...................................................................................... 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in
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20,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages
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of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in
l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
most human populations.
l 7 l 7 l 7
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
don‘t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the
l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to
l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations
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the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are
l7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l 7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l 7 l7
kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
20,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages
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of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much
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more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
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ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this
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culture, albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they
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often occupy positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a
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sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
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Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their l7 l7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women
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during the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the
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other men of the village. l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least notl7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher
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frequency. l7
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the
l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
l phenomenon is INCORRECT?
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a. evolution—population genetics l 7
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l7
ANSWER: e l 7
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles l 7 l 7 l 7 l7
b. mechanism of DNA replication l7 l7 l 7
c. gene expression patterns l7 l 7
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
ANSWER: a l 7
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
, a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
Benjamin A. Pierce
l7 l7
,TABLE OF CONTENT l7 l7
Chapter l7 01: l 7 Introduction to Genetics .................................................................................................................. 3
l 7 l 7
Chapter l7 02: l 7 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ................................................................................... 15
l 7 l 7 l 7
Chapter l 7 03: l 7 Basic Principles of Heredity........................................................................................................ 32
l 7 l 7 l 7
Chapter l7 04: l 7 Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ................................................................... 59
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
Chapter l7 05: l 7 Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ........................................................ 98
l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7
Chapter l7 06: l 7 Chromosome Variation ................................................................................................................ 115
l 7
Chapter l7 07: l 7 Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ........................................................................................ 139
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
Chapter l7 08 l 7 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ............................................................................... 152
l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7
Chapter l7 09: l 7 DNA Replication and Recombination ....................................................................................... 181
l 7 l 7 l 7
Chapter l7 10: l 7 From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ............................................... 198
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
Chapter l7 11: l 7 From DNA to Proteins: Translation ......................................................................................... 224
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Chapter l 7 12: l 7 Control of Gene Expression ...................................................................................................... 244
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Chapter l7 13: l 7 Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ................................................. 278
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Chapter l7 14: l 7 Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ...................................................................... 298
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Chapter l7 15: l 7 Genomics and Proteomics........................................................................................................... 314
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Chapter l7 16: l 7 Cancer Genetics............................................................................................................................ 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ...................................................................................... 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
20,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages
l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7
of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in
l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
most human populations.
l 7 l 7 l 7
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
don‘t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the
l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
damaging effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to
l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are
l7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l 7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l 7 l7
kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
20,000 people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages
l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
culture, albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they
l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
often occupy positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a
l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
sign of purity of Hopi blood in the community.
l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l7 l7 l7
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their l7 l7 l7 l 7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women
l7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
during the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the
l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
other men of the village. l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least notl7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher
l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
frequency. l7
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the
l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7 l7
l phenomenon is INCORRECT?
7 l7 l7
a. evolution—population genetics l 7
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
l7 l 7
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
l7 l7 l 7
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l7
ANSWER: e l 7
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
l7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l7
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles l 7 l 7 l 7 l7
b. mechanism of DNA replication l7 l7 l 7
c. gene expression patterns l7 l 7
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
ANSWER: a l 7
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
l7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7 l 7
, a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
