GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING • NU-110
NU-110 INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES EXAM 3
Fall 2026 • 50 Questions, Answers & Rationales.
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Score: ______ / 50
1. Which structure provides voluntary control during urination?
A. External urethral sphincter
B. Internal urethral sphincter
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
✓ Correct answer: A. External urethral sphincter
Rationale: The source distinguishes involuntary control by the internal urethral sphincter from voluntary
control by the external urethral sphincter.
2. Which population-specific supplement example is given in the source?
A. Vitamin A for all infants
B. Iron for all older adults
C. Vitamin C for every adult
D. Folic acid for women of childbearing age
✓ Correct answer: D. Folic acid for women of childbearing age
Rationale: The notes identify women of childbearing age as a population that may benefit from folic acid; they
also mention vitamin D for citizens of cold countries.
3. Which sequence correctly follows fertilization in the notes?
A. Blastocyst → zygote → morula
B. Zygote → blastocyst → ovum
C. Zygote → morula → blastocyst
D. Morula → blastocyst → zygote
✓ Correct answer: C. Zygote → morula → blastocyst
Rationale: The single-cell zygote divides into a morula, which develops into a blastocyst; the blastocyst then
implants in the uterus.
4. Which blastocyst component develops into the embryo?
A. Inner cell mass
B. Corpus luteum
C. Endometrium
D. Trophoblast
✓ Correct answer: A. Inner cell mass
Rationale: The source distinguishes the inner cell mass, which develops into the embryo, from trophoblasts,
which develop into supporting tissues.
5. A patient asks what proteins do besides provide energy. Which response includes functions listed in
the notes?
A. They carry urine and control micturition.
B. They build and repair tissue and help regulate fluid and acid–base balance.
C. They form the medullary gradient and concentrate urine.
D. They emulsify fats and store bile.
✓ Correct answer: B. They build and repair tissue and help regulate fluid and acid–base balance.
Rationale: The notes list tissue building and repair, fluid and acid–base balance, antibodies, enzymes,
hormones, and energy among protein functions.
Integrated Human Sciences | Exam 3 | 1
, GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING • NU-110
6. Where is fertilization described as commonly occurring?
A. The uterine tube
B. The cervix
C. The urinary bladder
D. The endometrium
✓ Correct answer: A. The uterine tube
Rationale: The source states that sperm pass through the vagina and uterus to the uterine tube, the common
site of fertilization.
7. Which fluids are included in the extracellular fluid compartment?
A. Fluid within body cells only
B. Cytosol only
C. Interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, and fluid in special compartments
D. Glomerular filtrate only
✓ Correct answer: C. Interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, and fluid in special compartments
Rationale: Extracellular fluid includes interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and fluids in special compartments;
intracellular fluid is within cells.
8. Blood pressure rises and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion increases. What renal effect is
described?
A. Increased sodium and water retention, raising blood pressure
B. Increased excretion of sodium and water, lowering blood pressure
C. Increased aquaporin insertion, concentrating urine
D. Increased renin production and vasoconstriction
✓ Correct answer: B. Increased excretion of sodium and water, lowering blood pressure
Rationale: ANP synthesis increases when blood pressure rises and promotes renal excretion of sodium and
water, which decreases blood pressure.
9. A patient has reflux associated with weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter or increased gastric
pressure. Which mechanism does this describe?
A. Bile entering the urinary bladder
B. Urine moving backward from the bladder
C. Stomach acid entering the esophagus
D. Pancreatic enzymes entering the blood
✓ Correct answer: C. Stomach acid entering the esophagus
Rationale: The notes link LES weakness or increased gastric pressure to stomach acid entering the
esophagus, with potential esophageal and lung damage.
10. A specific substance moves from the renal tubule into the peritubular capillaries. Which process
does this describe?
A. Tubular secretion
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Urination
D. Tubular reabsorption
✓ Correct answer: D. Tubular reabsorption
Rationale: Tubular reabsorption moves selected substances from the tubule into the peritubular capillaries.
Integrated Human Sciences | Exam 3 | 2
NU-110 INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES EXAM 3
Fall 2026 • 50 Questions, Answers & Rationales.
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Score: ______ / 50
1. Which structure provides voluntary control during urination?
A. External urethral sphincter
B. Internal urethral sphincter
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
✓ Correct answer: A. External urethral sphincter
Rationale: The source distinguishes involuntary control by the internal urethral sphincter from voluntary
control by the external urethral sphincter.
2. Which population-specific supplement example is given in the source?
A. Vitamin A for all infants
B. Iron for all older adults
C. Vitamin C for every adult
D. Folic acid for women of childbearing age
✓ Correct answer: D. Folic acid for women of childbearing age
Rationale: The notes identify women of childbearing age as a population that may benefit from folic acid; they
also mention vitamin D for citizens of cold countries.
3. Which sequence correctly follows fertilization in the notes?
A. Blastocyst → zygote → morula
B. Zygote → blastocyst → ovum
C. Zygote → morula → blastocyst
D. Morula → blastocyst → zygote
✓ Correct answer: C. Zygote → morula → blastocyst
Rationale: The single-cell zygote divides into a morula, which develops into a blastocyst; the blastocyst then
implants in the uterus.
4. Which blastocyst component develops into the embryo?
A. Inner cell mass
B. Corpus luteum
C. Endometrium
D. Trophoblast
✓ Correct answer: A. Inner cell mass
Rationale: The source distinguishes the inner cell mass, which develops into the embryo, from trophoblasts,
which develop into supporting tissues.
5. A patient asks what proteins do besides provide energy. Which response includes functions listed in
the notes?
A. They carry urine and control micturition.
B. They build and repair tissue and help regulate fluid and acid–base balance.
C. They form the medullary gradient and concentrate urine.
D. They emulsify fats and store bile.
✓ Correct answer: B. They build and repair tissue and help regulate fluid and acid–base balance.
Rationale: The notes list tissue building and repair, fluid and acid–base balance, antibodies, enzymes,
hormones, and energy among protein functions.
Integrated Human Sciences | Exam 3 | 1
, GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING • NU-110
6. Where is fertilization described as commonly occurring?
A. The uterine tube
B. The cervix
C. The urinary bladder
D. The endometrium
✓ Correct answer: A. The uterine tube
Rationale: The source states that sperm pass through the vagina and uterus to the uterine tube, the common
site of fertilization.
7. Which fluids are included in the extracellular fluid compartment?
A. Fluid within body cells only
B. Cytosol only
C. Interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, and fluid in special compartments
D. Glomerular filtrate only
✓ Correct answer: C. Interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, and fluid in special compartments
Rationale: Extracellular fluid includes interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, and fluids in special compartments;
intracellular fluid is within cells.
8. Blood pressure rises and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion increases. What renal effect is
described?
A. Increased sodium and water retention, raising blood pressure
B. Increased excretion of sodium and water, lowering blood pressure
C. Increased aquaporin insertion, concentrating urine
D. Increased renin production and vasoconstriction
✓ Correct answer: B. Increased excretion of sodium and water, lowering blood pressure
Rationale: ANP synthesis increases when blood pressure rises and promotes renal excretion of sodium and
water, which decreases blood pressure.
9. A patient has reflux associated with weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter or increased gastric
pressure. Which mechanism does this describe?
A. Bile entering the urinary bladder
B. Urine moving backward from the bladder
C. Stomach acid entering the esophagus
D. Pancreatic enzymes entering the blood
✓ Correct answer: C. Stomach acid entering the esophagus
Rationale: The notes link LES weakness or increased gastric pressure to stomach acid entering the
esophagus, with potential esophageal and lung damage.
10. A specific substance moves from the renal tubule into the peritubular capillaries. Which process
does this describe?
A. Tubular secretion
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Urination
D. Tubular reabsorption
✓ Correct answer: D. Tubular reabsorption
Rationale: Tubular reabsorption moves selected substances from the tubule into the peritubular capillaries.
Integrated Human Sciences | Exam 3 | 2
