GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING • NU-110 INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES — EXAM 4
GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
NU-110: Integrated Human Sciences
EXAM 4 Questions & Answers
Student Name: __________________________ Student ID: ____________________
Date: Fall Term 2026 Score / Total Points: _______ / 50
Question 1: A nurse is reviewing hormone regulation in preparation for NU-110 Exam 4. Which hormones are
synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
C) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and Prolactin (PRL)
D) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
✔ Correct Answer: B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
Rationale: ADH and Oxytocin are synthesized by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus and transported via nerve tracts
to the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) for storage and release. All other listed options (GH, TSH, ACTH, PRL,
FSH, LH) are synthesized and secreted directly by the anterior pituitary gland.
Question 2: Which hormone acts directly on the kidney tubules to promote water reabsorption and causes
vasoconstriction of blood vessels when present at high concentrations?
A) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
B) Aldosterone
C) Cortisol
D) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
✔ Correct Answer: A) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Rationale: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), secreted by the posterior pituitary, promotes water reabsorption in the kidney
tubules to conserve fluid volume and, at elevated concentrations, stimulates blood vessel constriction (vasopressin effect)
to increase blood pressure.
Question 3: During labor and lactation, which posterior pituitary hormone stimulates uterine muscle
contractions and triggers milk ejection (let-down) from the mammary glands?
A) Prolactin (PRL)
B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
C) Growth Hormone (GH)
D) Oxytocin
✔ Correct Answer: D) Oxytocin
Rationale: Oxytocin causes uterine muscle contraction during labor and causes milk ejection from mammary glands during
lactation. Prolactin (PRL) stimulates milk production, whereas oxytocin facilitates milk release.
Fall 2026 Term | Exam 4 Questions and answers| Page 1 of 15
, GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING • NU-110 INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES — EXAM 4
Question 4: An anatomical diagram of the endocrine system highlights the connection between the
hypothalamus and pituitary gland. What is the name of this connecting stalk?
A) Corpus callosum
B) Choroid plexus
C) Infundibulum
D) Sympathetic chain
✔ Correct Answer: C) Infundibulum
Rationale: The infundibulum is the stalk-like structure that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland (hypophysis),
housing both nerve fibers leading to the posterior pituitary and portal blood vessels supplying the anterior pituitary.
Question 5: How do hypothalamic releasing hormones reach the anterior pituitary gland to regulate the
synthesis and secretion of anterior pituitary hormones?
A) Direct transmission via nerve impulses down neuronal axons
B) Passive diffusion through cerebrospinal fluid in brain ventricles
C) A portal system (specialized circulatory blood vessel pathway)
D) Systemic lymphatic drainage channels
✔ Correct Answer: C) A portal system (specialized circulatory blood vessel pathway)
Rationale: Hypothalamic releasing hormones travel to the anterior pituitary via a specialized hypophyseal portal system (a
local blood vessel network). Conversely, release of posterior pituitary hormones is controlled by direct nerve impulses
traveling down axonal tracts from the hypothalamus.
Question 6: Which anterior pituitary hormone directly stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release
thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?
A) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
B) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
C) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
D) Prolactin (PRL)
✔ Correct Answer: B) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Rationale: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to hypothalamic TRH and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Question 7: During physical stress such as strenuous exercise, which anterior pituitary hormone is secreted to
stimulate cellular growth, protein synthesis, and tissue repair throughout the body?
A) Growth Hormone (GH)
B) Cortisol
C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
D) Melatonin
✔ Correct Answer: A) Growth Hormone (GH)
Fall 2026 Term | Exam 4 Questions and answers| Page 2 of 15
GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
NU-110: Integrated Human Sciences
EXAM 4 Questions & Answers
Student Name: __________________________ Student ID: ____________________
Date: Fall Term 2026 Score / Total Points: _______ / 50
Question 1: A nurse is reviewing hormone regulation in preparation for NU-110 Exam 4. Which hormones are
synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
C) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and Prolactin (PRL)
D) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
✔ Correct Answer: B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
Rationale: ADH and Oxytocin are synthesized by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus and transported via nerve tracts
to the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) for storage and release. All other listed options (GH, TSH, ACTH, PRL,
FSH, LH) are synthesized and secreted directly by the anterior pituitary gland.
Question 2: Which hormone acts directly on the kidney tubules to promote water reabsorption and causes
vasoconstriction of blood vessels when present at high concentrations?
A) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
B) Aldosterone
C) Cortisol
D) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
✔ Correct Answer: A) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Rationale: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), secreted by the posterior pituitary, promotes water reabsorption in the kidney
tubules to conserve fluid volume and, at elevated concentrations, stimulates blood vessel constriction (vasopressin effect)
to increase blood pressure.
Question 3: During labor and lactation, which posterior pituitary hormone stimulates uterine muscle
contractions and triggers milk ejection (let-down) from the mammary glands?
A) Prolactin (PRL)
B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
C) Growth Hormone (GH)
D) Oxytocin
✔ Correct Answer: D) Oxytocin
Rationale: Oxytocin causes uterine muscle contraction during labor and causes milk ejection from mammary glands during
lactation. Prolactin (PRL) stimulates milk production, whereas oxytocin facilitates milk release.
Fall 2026 Term | Exam 4 Questions and answers| Page 1 of 15
, GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING • NU-110 INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES — EXAM 4
Question 4: An anatomical diagram of the endocrine system highlights the connection between the
hypothalamus and pituitary gland. What is the name of this connecting stalk?
A) Corpus callosum
B) Choroid plexus
C) Infundibulum
D) Sympathetic chain
✔ Correct Answer: C) Infundibulum
Rationale: The infundibulum is the stalk-like structure that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland (hypophysis),
housing both nerve fibers leading to the posterior pituitary and portal blood vessels supplying the anterior pituitary.
Question 5: How do hypothalamic releasing hormones reach the anterior pituitary gland to regulate the
synthesis and secretion of anterior pituitary hormones?
A) Direct transmission via nerve impulses down neuronal axons
B) Passive diffusion through cerebrospinal fluid in brain ventricles
C) A portal system (specialized circulatory blood vessel pathway)
D) Systemic lymphatic drainage channels
✔ Correct Answer: C) A portal system (specialized circulatory blood vessel pathway)
Rationale: Hypothalamic releasing hormones travel to the anterior pituitary via a specialized hypophyseal portal system (a
local blood vessel network). Conversely, release of posterior pituitary hormones is controlled by direct nerve impulses
traveling down axonal tracts from the hypothalamus.
Question 6: Which anterior pituitary hormone directly stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release
thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?
A) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
B) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
C) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
D) Prolactin (PRL)
✔ Correct Answer: B) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Rationale: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to hypothalamic TRH and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Question 7: During physical stress such as strenuous exercise, which anterior pituitary hormone is secreted to
stimulate cellular growth, protein synthesis, and tissue repair throughout the body?
A) Growth Hormone (GH)
B) Cortisol
C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
D) Melatonin
✔ Correct Answer: A) Growth Hormone (GH)
Fall 2026 Term | Exam 4 Questions and answers| Page 2 of 15
