anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 1 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 1Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
,anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 2 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
Preface
This Resource Manual for the 10th edition of Nursing Research: Generating
and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice complements and strengthens
the textbook in important ways. The manual provides opportunities to
reinforce the acquisition of basic research skills through systematic learning
exercises, and we have placed particular emphasis on exercises that involve
careful reading and critiquing of actual studies. Critiquing skills are
increasingly important in an environment that promotes evidence-based
nursing practice. Moreover, the ability to think critically about research
decisions is fundamental to being able to design and plan one’s own study.
Full research reports and a grant application are included in 13 appendices
to this Resource Manual. These reports, which represent a rich array of
research endeavors, form the bases for exercises in each chapter. There are
reports of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies, an evidence-
based practice project report, an instrument development paper, a meta-
analysis, and a metasynthesis. We are particularly excited about being able to
include a full grant application that was funded by the National Institute of
Nursing Research, together with the Study Section’s summary sheet. We
firmly believe that nothing is more illuminating than a good model when it
comes to research communication.
An important feature of this Resource Manual—added in the 8th edition—
is the Toolkit, which offers important research resources to beginning and
advanced researchers. Our mission was to include easily adaptable tools for a
broad range of research situations. In our own careers as researchers, we have
found that adapting existing forms, manuals, or protocols is far more efficient
and productive than “starting from scratch.” By making these tools available
as Word files, we have made it possible for you to adapt tools to meet your
specific needs, without the tedium of having to retype basic information. We
wish we had had this Toolkit in our early years as researchers! We think
seasoned researchers are likely to find parts of the Toolkit useful as well.
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 2Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
,anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 3 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
The Resource Manual consists of 31 chapters—one chapter corresponding
to every chapter in the textbook. Each chapter has relevant resources and
exercises. The answers to exercises for which there are objective answers are
included at the back of the book in Appendix N. Each of the 31 chapters
consists of the following components:
• A Crossword Puzzle. Terms and concepts presented in the textbook are
reinforced in an entertaining and challenging fashion through crossword
puzzles.
• Study Questions. Each chapter contains several short individual exercises
relevant to the materials in the textbook.
• Application Exercises. These exercises are designed to help you read,
comprehend, and critique nursing studies. These exercises focus on studies
in the appendices and ask questions that are relevant to the content covered
in the textbook. There are two sets of questions—Questions of Fact and
Questions for Discussion. The Questions of Fact will help you to read the
report and find specific types of information related to the content covered
in the textbook. For these questions, there are “right” and “wrong”
answers. For example, for the chapter on sampling, a question might ask:
How many people participated in this study? The Questions for
Discussion, by contrast, require an assessment of the merits of various
features of the study. For example, a question might ask: Was there a
sufficient number of study participants in this study? The second set of
questions can be the basis for classroom discussions.
• Toolkit . This section, found online on thePoint, includes tools and
resources that can save you time—and that will hopefully result in higher
quality tools than might otherwise have been the case. Each chapter has
tools appropriate for the content covered in the textbook. Also included for
each chapter are links to relevant open-access journal articles.
We hope that you will find these resources rewarding, enjoyable, and
useful in your effort to develop and hone skills needed in critiquing and doing
research.
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 3Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
,anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 4 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
Contents
PART 1
Foundations of Nursing Research
1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice
Environment
2 Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice
3 Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
PART 2
Conceptualizing and Planning a Study to Generate Evidence
for Nursing
4 Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
5 Literature Reviews: Finding and Critiquing Evidence
6 Theoretical Frameworks
7 Ethics in Nursing Research
8 Planning a Nursing Study
PART 3
Designing and Conducting Quantitative Studies to Generate
Evidence for Nursing
9 Quantitative Research Design
10 Rigor and Validity in Quantitative Research
11 Specific Types of Quantitative Research
12 Sampling in Quantitative Research
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 4Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 1 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 1Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
,anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 2 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
Preface
This Resource Manual for the 10th edition of Nursing Research: Generating
and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice complements and strengthens
the textbook in important ways. The manual provides opportunities to
reinforce the acquisition of basic research skills through systematic learning
exercises, and we have placed particular emphasis on exercises that involve
careful reading and critiquing of actual studies. Critiquing skills are
increasingly important in an environment that promotes evidence-based
nursing practice. Moreover, the ability to think critically about research
decisions is fundamental to being able to design and plan one’s own study.
Full research reports and a grant application are included in 13 appendices
to this Resource Manual. These reports, which represent a rich array of
research endeavors, form the bases for exercises in each chapter. There are
reports of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies, an evidence-
based practice project report, an instrument development paper, a meta-
analysis, and a metasynthesis. We are particularly excited about being able to
include a full grant application that was funded by the National Institute of
Nursing Research, together with the Study Section’s summary sheet. We
firmly believe that nothing is more illuminating than a good model when it
comes to research communication.
An important feature of this Resource Manual—added in the 8th edition—
is the Toolkit, which offers important research resources to beginning and
advanced researchers. Our mission was to include easily adaptable tools for a
broad range of research situations. In our own careers as researchers, we have
found that adapting existing forms, manuals, or protocols is far more efficient
and productive than “starting from scratch.” By making these tools available
as Word files, we have made it possible for you to adapt tools to meet your
specific needs, without the tedium of having to retype basic information. We
wish we had had this Toolkit in our early years as researchers! We think
seasoned researchers are likely to find parts of the Toolkit useful as well.
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 2Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
,anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 3 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
The Resource Manual consists of 31 chapters—one chapter corresponding
to every chapter in the textbook. Each chapter has relevant resources and
exercises. The answers to exercises for which there are objective answers are
included at the back of the book in Appendix N. Each of the 31 chapters
consists of the following components:
• A Crossword Puzzle. Terms and concepts presented in the textbook are
reinforced in an entertaining and challenging fashion through crossword
puzzles.
• Study Questions. Each chapter contains several short individual exercises
relevant to the materials in the textbook.
• Application Exercises. These exercises are designed to help you read,
comprehend, and critique nursing studies. These exercises focus on studies
in the appendices and ask questions that are relevant to the content covered
in the textbook. There are two sets of questions—Questions of Fact and
Questions for Discussion. The Questions of Fact will help you to read the
report and find specific types of information related to the content covered
in the textbook. For these questions, there are “right” and “wrong”
answers. For example, for the chapter on sampling, a question might ask:
How many people participated in this study? The Questions for
Discussion, by contrast, require an assessment of the merits of various
features of the study. For example, a question might ask: Was there a
sufficient number of study participants in this study? The second set of
questions can be the basis for classroom discussions.
• Toolkit . This section, found online on thePoint, includes tools and
resources that can save you time—and that will hopefully result in higher
quality tools than might otherwise have been the case. Each chapter has
tools appropriate for the content covered in the textbook. Also included for
each chapter are links to relevant open-access journal articles.
We hope that you will find these resources rewarding, enjoyable, and
useful in your effort to develop and hone skills needed in critiquing and doing
research.
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 3Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
,anual for Resource
Nursing Research
Manual for
GENERATING
Nursing Research
AND ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR NURSING
TENTH EDITION
PRACTICE
Page 4 of
Denise
723
TENTH
#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, Denise
FAAN #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&
F. Polit, PhD, FAAN.pd
Contents
PART 1
Foundations of Nursing Research
1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice
Environment
2 Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice
3 Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
PART 2
Conceptualizing and Planning a Study to Generate Evidence
for Nursing
4 Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
5 Literature Reviews: Finding and Critiquing Evidence
6 Theoretical Frameworks
7 Ethics in Nursing Research
8 Planning a Nursing Study
PART 3
Designing and Conducting Quantitative Studies to Generate
Evidence for Nursing
9 Quantitative Research Design
10 Rigor and Validity in Quantitative Research
11 Specific Types of Quantitative Research
12 Sampling in Quantitative Research
nual
ch GENERATING
for Nursing
Page 4Research
ofAND
723 #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
ASSESSING
GENERATING
EVIDENCE
AND ASSESSING
FOR NURSING
EVIDENCE
PRACTICE
FOR TENTH
NURSING
EDITION
PRACTICE
Denise
TENTH
F. Polit,
EDITION
PhD, FAAN.pdf
Denise F.#$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&&%(%%^&*()
Polit, PhD, FAAN.pdf #$%$%$^$@**#&^#*&
