1
BIOL 1009 - FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 |
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | 100 VERIFIED Q&A |
DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-ALIGNED | PASS
GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION I: SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND BASIC CHEMISTRY - Questions 1-10
Q1: Scientific method steps
The student is reviewing the scientific method. Which step involves forming a testable prediction
based on observations?
A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Experiment
D. Conclusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable prediction or proposed explanation based on observations. It
must be falsifiable through experimentation. Observations lead to questions, experiments test
hypotheses, and conclusions are drawn from results. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Controlled experiment variables
The student is reviewing experimental design. In a controlled experiment, what is the independent
variable?
A. The variable that is measured
B. The variable that is manipulated
C. The variable that stays constant
D. The control group
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or changes. The
dependent variable is measured, and controlled variables remain constant to ensure a fair test.
[100% CORRECT]
Q3: Atomic number
The student is reviewing atomic structure. What determines the atomic number of an element?
A. Number of neutrons
B. Number of protons
C. Number of electrons
D. Atomic mass
,2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It defines the
element's identity. Neutrons affect atomic mass but not atomic number. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Isotopes
The student is reviewing isotopes. What are isotopes?
A. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons
B. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
C. Atoms with different numbers of electrons
D. Ions with a charge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Ionic bonds
The student is reviewing chemical bonds. What is an ionic bond?
A. Sharing of electrons
B. Transfer of electrons from one atom to another
C. Weak attraction between polar molecules
D. Attraction between ions of opposite charge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An ionic bond forms when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom,
creating positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Covalent bonds
The student is reviewing chemical bonds. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Van der Waals interaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. They can be polar or
nonpolar depending on electronegativity differences. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Hydrogen bonds
The student is reviewing chemical bonds. What is a hydrogen bond?
A. A strong bond between hydrogen and oxygen
B. A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
, 3
C. A bond formed by sharing electrons
D. A bond formed by transferring electrons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a
partially negative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen). They are important in water properties and DNA
base pairing. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Water properties
The student is reviewing water properties. Which property of water allows it to moderate
temperature?
A. Polarity
B. High specific heat
C. Cohesion
D. Adhesion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water has a high specific heat, meaning it can absorb or release large amounts of heat
with little change in temperature. This helps stabilize environments and organisms. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: pH scale
The student is reviewing the pH scale. A solution with a pH of 9 is:
A. Acidic
B. Neutral
C. Basic
D. Strongly acidic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH below 7 is acidic, pH 7 is neutral, and pH above 7
is basic (alkaline). A pH of 9 is basic. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Buffers
The student is reviewing buffers. What is the function of a buffer?
A. To increase pH
B. To decrease pH
C. To resist changes in pH
D. To neutralize all acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buffers resist changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions. They help maintain
homeostasis in biological systems. [100% CORRECT]
SECTION II: BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AND ENZYMES - Questions 11-20
BIOL 1009 - FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 |
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | 100 VERIFIED Q&A |
DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-ALIGNED | PASS
GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION I: SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND BASIC CHEMISTRY - Questions 1-10
Q1: Scientific method steps
The student is reviewing the scientific method. Which step involves forming a testable prediction
based on observations?
A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Experiment
D. Conclusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable prediction or proposed explanation based on observations. It
must be falsifiable through experimentation. Observations lead to questions, experiments test
hypotheses, and conclusions are drawn from results. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Controlled experiment variables
The student is reviewing experimental design. In a controlled experiment, what is the independent
variable?
A. The variable that is measured
B. The variable that is manipulated
C. The variable that stays constant
D. The control group
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or changes. The
dependent variable is measured, and controlled variables remain constant to ensure a fair test.
[100% CORRECT]
Q3: Atomic number
The student is reviewing atomic structure. What determines the atomic number of an element?
A. Number of neutrons
B. Number of protons
C. Number of electrons
D. Atomic mass
,2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It defines the
element's identity. Neutrons affect atomic mass but not atomic number. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Isotopes
The student is reviewing isotopes. What are isotopes?
A. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons
B. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
C. Atoms with different numbers of electrons
D. Ions with a charge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Ionic bonds
The student is reviewing chemical bonds. What is an ionic bond?
A. Sharing of electrons
B. Transfer of electrons from one atom to another
C. Weak attraction between polar molecules
D. Attraction between ions of opposite charge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An ionic bond forms when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom,
creating positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Covalent bonds
The student is reviewing chemical bonds. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?
A. Ionic bond
B. Covalent bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Van der Waals interaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. They can be polar or
nonpolar depending on electronegativity differences. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Hydrogen bonds
The student is reviewing chemical bonds. What is a hydrogen bond?
A. A strong bond between hydrogen and oxygen
B. A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
, 3
C. A bond formed by sharing electrons
D. A bond formed by transferring electrons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a
partially negative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen). They are important in water properties and DNA
base pairing. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Water properties
The student is reviewing water properties. Which property of water allows it to moderate
temperature?
A. Polarity
B. High specific heat
C. Cohesion
D. Adhesion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water has a high specific heat, meaning it can absorb or release large amounts of heat
with little change in temperature. This helps stabilize environments and organisms. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: pH scale
The student is reviewing the pH scale. A solution with a pH of 9 is:
A. Acidic
B. Neutral
C. Basic
D. Strongly acidic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH below 7 is acidic, pH 7 is neutral, and pH above 7
is basic (alkaline). A pH of 9 is basic. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Buffers
The student is reviewing buffers. What is the function of a buffer?
A. To increase pH
B. To decrease pH
C. To resist changes in pH
D. To neutralize all acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buffers resist changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions. They help maintain
homeostasis in biological systems. [100% CORRECT]
SECTION II: BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AND ENZYMES - Questions 11-20
