Management Exam
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,Management
The process of planning, organizing, directing, and coordinating the work within an
organization.
Leadership
The ability to inspire others to achieve a desired outcome. Effective managers
usually possess good leadership skills. However, effective leaders are not always
in a
management position. Leaders have a combination of personality traits and
leadership skills. Great leaders were once thought to be born with skills that could
not be acquired.
Contemporary leadership theory supports the belief that leaders can develop the
necessary skills. Leaders influence willing followers to move toward a goal.
Leaders have goals that might not reflect those of the organization.
Qualities of leaders
Initiative.
Inspiratio
n.
Energy.
Positive attitude.
Communication
skills.
Respect.
Problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.
,Leadership styles
Authoritative
.
Democratic.
Laissez-
faire.
Transformationa
l.
Transactional.
Authoritative
Makes decisions for the group.
Motivates by coercion.
Communication occurs down the chain of command.
Work output by staff is usually high: good for crisis situations and bureaucratic
settings. Effective for employees with little or no formal education.
Democratic
Includes the group when decisions are
made. Motivates by supporting staff
achievements. Communication occurs up
and down the chain of command.
Work output by staff is usually of good quality:
good when cooperation and collaboration are
necessary.
Laissez-faire
Makes very few decisions, and does little
planning. Motivation is largely the
responsibility of individual staff members.
Communication occurs up and down the chain of
command and between group members.
Work output is low unless an informal leader evolves from the
group. Effective with professional employees.
, Transformational leaders
Empower followers to assume responsibility for a communal vision, and personal
development is a secondary outcome.
Transactional leaders
Focus on immediate problems, maintaining the status quo and using rewards to motivate
followers.
Emotional intelligence.
The ability of an individual to perceive and manage the emotions of self and others. The
nurse must be able to perceive and understand his own emotions and the emotions of
the client and family in order to provide client-centered care
The emotionally intelligent leader
Has insight into the emotions of members of the
team. Understands the perspective of others.
Encourages constructive criticism and is open to new
ideas. Is able to maintain focus while multitasking.
Manages emotions and channels them in a positive direction, which in turn helps the team
accomplish its goals.
Is committed to the delivery of high-quality client care.
Refrains from judgment in controversial or emotionally charged situations until facts
are gathered.
Five major management functions
Planning.
Organizing
.
Staffing.
Directing.
Controlling
.