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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
asik: Pathophysiology, 8th Edition
C/ C/ C/
MULTIPLE CHOICE C /
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. a sore throat. C/ C/
b. streptococcal infection. C/
c. genetic susceptibility. C/
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B C /
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendenc
/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
y to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
manifestation of the disease process.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
2. A 17-year-old college-
C/ C/
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
example of C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: A C /
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
C / C / C / C / C / C / C/ C / C / C/
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention incl
C / C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
udes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effecti
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ve functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has de
C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
veloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
C/ C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: B C /
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prima
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ry prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for su
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
sceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and att
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
empts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves ma
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nagement of the disease once it has developed.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
intake. This is an example of
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: B C /
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/
C/such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disab
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the d
C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
isease once it has developed. C / C / C/ C/
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
lowering medication. This is an example ofC / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: C C /
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preventi
C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment invol
C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ves management of the disease once it has developed.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B C /
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the fi
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptom
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
s indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refe
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rs to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
7. A C/ disease that is native to a particular region is called
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B C /
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease tha
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
t spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large g
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
eographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
distribution pattern. C/
8. In C/ general, with aging, organ size and function
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. C/ C/
d. are unknown.C/
ANS: B C /
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
established, is referred to as
C / C/ C/ C/ C/
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B C /
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent p
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
eriod or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period,
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C / C
or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical oper
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE C /
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
(Select all that apply.) C/ C/ C/
a. gender difference. C/
b. situational factors. C/
c. normal variation. C/
d. cultural variation. C/
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E C / C/ C/ C/
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal
/ C / C / C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. C/
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
asik: Pathophysiology, 8th Edition
C/ C/ C/
MULTIPLE CHOICE C /
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash,
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
/malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. a sore throat. C/ C/
b. streptococcal infection. C/
c. genetic susceptibility. C/
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B C /
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendenc
/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
y to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
manifestation of the disease process.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
2. A 17-year-old college-
C/ C/
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
example of C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: A C /
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
C / C / C / C / C / C / C/ C / C / C/
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention incl
C / C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
udes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effecti
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ve functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has de
C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
veloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
C/ C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: B C /
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prima
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ry prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for su
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
sceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and att
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
empts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves ma
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
nagement of the disease once it has developed.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
intake. This is an example of
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: B C /
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/
C/such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disab
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the d
C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
isease once it has developed. C / C / C/ C/
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
lowering medication. This is an example ofC / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. primary prevention. C/
b. secondary prevention. C/
c. tertiary prevention. C/
d. disease treatment. C/
ANS: C C /
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preventi
C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment invol
C/ C/ C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ves management of the disease once it has developed.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B C /
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the fi
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptom
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
s indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refe
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
rs to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
7. A C/ disease that is native to a particular region is called
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B C /
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease tha
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
t spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large g
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
eographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
distribution pattern. C/
8. In C/ general, with aging, organ size and function
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. C/ C/
d. are unknown.C/
ANS: B C /
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
established, is referred to as
C / C/ C/ C/ C/
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B C /
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
C / C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C /
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent p
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
eriod or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period,
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C / C
or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical oper
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
ation.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE C /
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
(Select all that apply.) C/ C/ C/
a. gender difference. C/
b. situational factors. C/
c. normal variation. C/
d. cultural variation. C/
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E C / C/ C/ C/
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal
/ C / C / C/ C / C / C / C / C / C / C /
).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/ C/
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. C/
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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