Philosophy of Science Final Exam
Philosophy
Reviewof
2026_2027
Science Final
_ KeyExam
Concepts
Review& 2026_2027
Study Guide.pdf
_ Key Concepts & Study Guide.pdf Page 1
Philosophy of Science Final Exam
Review 2026/2027 | Key Concepts &
Study Guide
Page 1 of 35 Philosophy
Page 1 of
of Science
35 Final Exam Review 2026_2027 _ Key Concepts & Study Guide
,Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Page 2
According to the INDUCTIVIST account of scientific method, what must necessarily be the
first stage of scientific inquiry?
Unbiased Observation
What is the main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning is intended to guarantee or prove the conclusion, while inductive
reasoning is meant to show that the conclusion is probable.
In what aspect of scientific inquiry does Aristotle believe that the inductive method applies?
In establishing knowledge of primary principles.
Page 2 of 35 Page 2 of 35 Philosophy of Science Final Review
,Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Page 3
What does Francis Bacon believe to be the correct basis for scientific concepts?
Scientific concepts should be based on objective observable characteristics.
Which of the following is a major objection to inductivism as an account of scientific
method?
Observations are relevant only relative to some hypothesis.
According to the hypothetical account of scientific method, what is the starting point of any
scientific inquiry?
The identification of a problem.
Page 3 of 35 Page 3 of 35 Philosophy of Science Final Review
, Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Page 4
What does Richard Feynman say the scientist does first in attempting to discover a law?
He/she makes a guess.
Which of the following is a requirement for a hypothesis to be counted as scientific?
It must be testable.
As we are using the term "theory", how is it defined?
A set of laws or principles used as a framework for solving a family of problems.
How did the chemist Friedrich Kekule come up with his "hexagonal ring" hypothesis about
the molecular structure of benzene?
He had a dream in which a snake formed itself into a hexagonal structure.
Page 4 of 35 Page 4 of 35 Philosophy of Science Final Review
Philosophy
Reviewof
2026_2027
Science Final
_ KeyExam
Concepts
Review& 2026_2027
Study Guide.pdf
_ Key Concepts & Study Guide.pdf Page 1
Philosophy of Science Final Exam
Review 2026/2027 | Key Concepts &
Study Guide
Page 1 of 35 Philosophy
Page 1 of
of Science
35 Final Exam Review 2026_2027 _ Key Concepts & Study Guide
,Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Page 2
According to the INDUCTIVIST account of scientific method, what must necessarily be the
first stage of scientific inquiry?
Unbiased Observation
What is the main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning is intended to guarantee or prove the conclusion, while inductive
reasoning is meant to show that the conclusion is probable.
In what aspect of scientific inquiry does Aristotle believe that the inductive method applies?
In establishing knowledge of primary principles.
Page 2 of 35 Page 2 of 35 Philosophy of Science Final Review
,Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Page 3
What does Francis Bacon believe to be the correct basis for scientific concepts?
Scientific concepts should be based on objective observable characteristics.
Which of the following is a major objection to inductivism as an account of scientific
method?
Observations are relevant only relative to some hypothesis.
According to the hypothetical account of scientific method, what is the starting point of any
scientific inquiry?
The identification of a problem.
Page 3 of 35 Page 3 of 35 Philosophy of Science Final Review
, Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Philosophy of Science Final Review.pdf Page 4
What does Richard Feynman say the scientist does first in attempting to discover a law?
He/she makes a guess.
Which of the following is a requirement for a hypothesis to be counted as scientific?
It must be testable.
As we are using the term "theory", how is it defined?
A set of laws or principles used as a framework for solving a family of problems.
How did the chemist Friedrich Kekule come up with his "hexagonal ring" hypothesis about
the molecular structure of benzene?
He had a dream in which a snake formed itself into a hexagonal structure.
Page 4 of 35 Page 4 of 35 Philosophy of Science Final Review
