WGU D564 Theories of Personality Exam
Practice Questions and Answers 2026\2027
,primary drives - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in learning theories, a drive that is innate
to an organism, such as the hunger drive.
secondary drives - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in learning theories, a drive that is
learned through its association with primary drives, and includes drives for love, prestige, money,
power, and the avoidance of fear and of humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Dollard and Miller's
social learning theory,
the hypothesis that frustration automatically creates an impulse toward aggression.
approach-avoidance conflict - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Dollard and Miller's social
learning theory, the
psychological conflict induced by a stimulus that is at once attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
shaping - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes
a piece of clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there until a square block comes to resemble
a person or an animal.
punishment - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-an aversive consequence that follows an act
in order to stop the act
and prevent its repetition.
five principles of how to punish - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-1. availability of
alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational specificity 3. timing
and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess hours earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing
stimuli (e.g., counting to 3) 5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child after punishing)
dangers of punishment - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-1. punishment arouses emotion
2. it is difficult to be
consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of punishment 4. punishment teaches misuse of power 5.
punishment motivates concealment
, habit hierarchy - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Dollard and Miller's social learning
theory, all of the behaviors
an individual might do, ranked in order from most to least probable.
drive - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in learning theories, a state of psychological
tension, the reduction of which
feels good.
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-
1. an increase in drive
strength will increase the tendency to approach or avoid a goal. 2. whenever there are two competing
responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with greater drive strength behind it) will win out. 3. the
tendency to approach a positive goal increases the closer one gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a
negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most important, tendency 4 is stronger
than tendency 3.
expectancy value theory - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-Rotter's theory of how the
value and perceived
attainability of a goal combine to affect the probability of a goal-seeking behavior.
expectancy - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree
to which an individual
believes a behavior will probably attain its goal.
efficacy expectations - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Bandura's social learning theory,
one's belief that one can
perform a given goal-directed behavior.
learning - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result
of experience.
behaviorism - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-the theoretical view of personality that
focuses on overt behavior
and the ways in which it can be affected by rewards and punishments in the environment.
Practice Questions and Answers 2026\2027
,primary drives - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in learning theories, a drive that is innate
to an organism, such as the hunger drive.
secondary drives - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in learning theories, a drive that is
learned through its association with primary drives, and includes drives for love, prestige, money,
power, and the avoidance of fear and of humiliation.
frustration-aggression hypothesis - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Dollard and Miller's
social learning theory,
the hypothesis that frustration automatically creates an impulse toward aggression.
approach-avoidance conflict - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Dollard and Miller's social
learning theory, the
psychological conflict induced by a stimulus that is at once attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
shaping - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes
a piece of clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there until a square block comes to resemble
a person or an animal.
punishment - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-an aversive consequence that follows an act
in order to stop the act
and prevent its repetition.
five principles of how to punish - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-1. availability of
alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational specificity 3. timing
and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess hours earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing
stimuli (e.g., counting to 3) 5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g., cuddling with child after punishing)
dangers of punishment - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-1. punishment arouses emotion
2. it is difficult to be
consistent 3. it is difficult to gauge the severity of punishment 4. punishment teaches misuse of power 5.
punishment motivates concealment
, habit hierarchy - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Dollard and Miller's social learning
theory, all of the behaviors
an individual might do, ranked in order from most to least probable.
drive - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in learning theories, a state of psychological
tension, the reduction of which
feels good.
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-
1. an increase in drive
strength will increase the tendency to approach or avoid a goal. 2. whenever there are two competing
responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with greater drive strength behind it) will win out. 3. the
tendency to approach a positive goal increases the closer one gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a
negative goal also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most important, tendency 4 is stronger
than tendency 3.
expectancy value theory - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-Rotter's theory of how the
value and perceived
attainability of a goal combine to affect the probability of a goal-seeking behavior.
expectancy - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree
to which an individual
believes a behavior will probably attain its goal.
efficacy expectations - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in Bandura's social learning theory,
one's belief that one can
perform a given goal-directed behavior.
learning - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result
of experience.
behaviorism - RESOLUTION RESULT VERIFIED ANSWERS-the theoretical view of personality that
focuses on overt behavior
and the ways in which it can be affected by rewards and punishments in the environment.
