WEEK 12 - ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) STUDYGUIDE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What is ARDS?
Answer:
Distinct form of respiratory failure; Rapid onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, refractory hypoxemia
(does not respond to O2 therapy), reduced lung volume and compliance and diffuse (throughout
the lung units) pulmonary infiltrates
Question:
2. What is the Berlin Criteria for ARDS in terms of the timing?
Answer:
within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms
Question:
3. What is the Berlin Criteria for ARDS in terms of the chest imaging?
Answer:
bilateral opacities - not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules
Question:
4. What is the Berlin Criteria for ARDS in terms of the origin of edema?
Answer:
not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload
Question:
5. What are the mild values for oxygenation according to the Berlin Criteria for ARDS?
Answer:
PaO2/FiO2 > 200 mmHg; PaO2/FiO2 </= 300 mmHg; PEEP > 5 cmH2O
Question:
6. What are the moderate values for oxygenation according to the Berlin Criteria for ARDS?
Answer:
PaO2/FiO2 > 100 mmHg; PaO2/FiO2 </= 200 mmHg; PEEP > 5 cmH2O
Question:
7. What are the severe values for oxyto the Berlin Criteria for ARDS?
Answer:
PaO2/FiO2 </= 100 mmHg; PEEP > 5 cmH2O
Question:
8. What is the etiology of ARDS?
Answer:
, occurs secondary to a major traumatic insult to another organ system
Question:
9. What are the risk factors that could cause ARDS?
Answer:
Sepsis (most common risk factor), Aspiration or near drowning, Thoracic trauma or lung
contusion, Extra-thoracic trauma, Significant thermal burn, Smoke or toxic gas inhalation,
Circulatory shock, Respiratory infections, O2 toxicity, Embolism, Acute pancreatitis, Drug induced
lung injury, Massive blood transfusions, Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, DIC (disseminated
intravascular coagulation), Radiation therapy, Pre-existing chronic organ dysfunction
Question:
10. What is the pathogenesis of ARDS?
Answer:
At the gas-lung interface and blood-lung interface; Systemic inflammation; General changes to
alveoli
Question:
11. How is ARDS developed at the gas-lung interface?
Answer:
Inhaled or direct injury to the lung; Aspiration, smoke inhalation, direct lung or chest trauma
Question:
12. How is ARDS developed at the blood-lung interface?
Answer:
Carried in circulation --> sepsis
Question:
13. How is ARDS developed from systemic inflammation?
Answer:
Neutrophils play the largest role; Lymphocytes and fibroblasts; Complement activation,
coagulation factors and vasoactive agents; Vasodilation = increase in pulmonary capillary
permeability
Question:
14. eral changes to the alveoli in ARDS?
Answer:
fibroblasts; Surfactant reduction; Obliteration of small vessel by fibrin-platelet aggregation - Clots
block vessels; Fibrous tissue formation
Question:
15. What are the early acute changes in ARDS?
Answer:
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What is ARDS?
Answer:
Distinct form of respiratory failure; Rapid onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, refractory hypoxemia
(does not respond to O2 therapy), reduced lung volume and compliance and diffuse (throughout
the lung units) pulmonary infiltrates
Question:
2. What is the Berlin Criteria for ARDS in terms of the timing?
Answer:
within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms
Question:
3. What is the Berlin Criteria for ARDS in terms of the chest imaging?
Answer:
bilateral opacities - not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules
Question:
4. What is the Berlin Criteria for ARDS in terms of the origin of edema?
Answer:
not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload
Question:
5. What are the mild values for oxygenation according to the Berlin Criteria for ARDS?
Answer:
PaO2/FiO2 > 200 mmHg; PaO2/FiO2 </= 300 mmHg; PEEP > 5 cmH2O
Question:
6. What are the moderate values for oxygenation according to the Berlin Criteria for ARDS?
Answer:
PaO2/FiO2 > 100 mmHg; PaO2/FiO2 </= 200 mmHg; PEEP > 5 cmH2O
Question:
7. What are the severe values for oxyto the Berlin Criteria for ARDS?
Answer:
PaO2/FiO2 </= 100 mmHg; PEEP > 5 cmH2O
Question:
8. What is the etiology of ARDS?
Answer:
, occurs secondary to a major traumatic insult to another organ system
Question:
9. What are the risk factors that could cause ARDS?
Answer:
Sepsis (most common risk factor), Aspiration or near drowning, Thoracic trauma or lung
contusion, Extra-thoracic trauma, Significant thermal burn, Smoke or toxic gas inhalation,
Circulatory shock, Respiratory infections, O2 toxicity, Embolism, Acute pancreatitis, Drug induced
lung injury, Massive blood transfusions, Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass, DIC (disseminated
intravascular coagulation), Radiation therapy, Pre-existing chronic organ dysfunction
Question:
10. What is the pathogenesis of ARDS?
Answer:
At the gas-lung interface and blood-lung interface; Systemic inflammation; General changes to
alveoli
Question:
11. How is ARDS developed at the gas-lung interface?
Answer:
Inhaled or direct injury to the lung; Aspiration, smoke inhalation, direct lung or chest trauma
Question:
12. How is ARDS developed at the blood-lung interface?
Answer:
Carried in circulation --> sepsis
Question:
13. How is ARDS developed from systemic inflammation?
Answer:
Neutrophils play the largest role; Lymphocytes and fibroblasts; Complement activation,
coagulation factors and vasoactive agents; Vasodilation = increase in pulmonary capillary
permeability
Question:
14. eral changes to the alveoli in ARDS?
Answer:
fibroblasts; Surfactant reduction; Obliteration of small vessel by fibrin-platelet aggregation - Clots
block vessels; Fibrous tissue formation
Question:
15. What are the early acute changes in ARDS?
Answer:
