WEEK 2 EDAPTS - PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS STUDYGUIDE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Common patterns of communicable diseases: incubation period
Answer:
the initial stage after exposure before symptoms are apparent
Question:
2. when the symptoms first become apparent; symptoms may be vague and not specified to
the pathogen
Answer:
Common patterns of communicable diseases: Prodromal period
Question:
3. Common patterns of communicable diseases: Acute illness
Answer:
as the pathogen replicates, more severe and specific symptoms are present
Question:
4. Common patterns of communicable diseases: Decline stage
Answer:
symptoms gradually improve
Question:
5. Common patterns of communicable diseases: Convalescence
Answer:
symptoms resolve
Question:
6. Infection Control: Standard Precautions
Answer:
Use barrier protection such as gloves, goggles, gowns, and masks. The purpose is to prevent
contamination from all body fluids, secretions, and excretions.
Question:
,7. Infection Control: Respiratory Hygiene
Answer:
Cover mouth and turn head away when coughing and sneezing. Offer surgical mask for persons
who are coughing. Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions. Keep distance from others when
coughing.
Question:
8. tions
Answer:
Restricted visitation, Enter only if immune Everyone must: clean hands when entering and
leaving the room Care providers and staff must: wear gown and gloves before entering the room
wear an N95 mask Patient placement: airborne infection isolation room required (negative air
pressure) keep door closed EX: Varicella and Measles
Question:
9. Infection Control: Droplet Precautions
Answer:
For illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets. Everyone must: Clean hands when entering
and leaving room And: Wear mask Care providers and staff must: Wear eye protection with
respiratory symptoms and standard precautions when contact with secretions likely EX: Mumps,
German Measles (Rubella) and Pertussis
Question:
10. Infection Control: Contact Precautions
Answer:
tact with items. Everyone must: clean hands when entering and leaving room put on gown and
gloves at door Care providers and staff must: use patient-dedicated or disposable equipment
clean and disinfect shared equipment
Question:
11. Chickenpox (Varicella)
Answer:
a highly contagious viral respiratory disease transmitted through the air, direct contact, and
through contaminated objects. Contracting chickenpox during pregnancy can possibly cause
, birth defects or a life-threatening illness. Isolation Precautions: airborne contact Complications:
secondary bacterial skin infections, encephalitis, pneumonia
Question:
12. Chickenpox: Clinical Manifestations
Answer:
prodromal phase: 24 hours of low-grade fever malaise anorexia acute phase: pruritic rash to
face, trunk, extremities rash appears as papules (raised red/pink bumps), then forms into
vesicles (small-fluid filled blisters), then the blisters break and leak and form crusts and scabs
typically lasts about a week
Question:
13. Chickenpox: Therapeutic Management
Answer:
antipruritic or antihistamine medications for itching acetaminophen for discomfort or fever never
aspirin because of risk of Reye's
Question:
14. Chickenpox: Nursing Management
Answer:
For hospitalization, implement airborne contact precautions until lesions are crusted. Educate
parents about home care. Isolate ill child from children at high risk and unvaccinated individuals
until lesions are crusted. Encourage skin care. apply pressure on itchy areas rather than
scratching smooth and shorten nails place mittens on young children bathe daily without soap
Dress in lightweight, loose clothing to keep cool. Encourage child to drink fluids. Avoid
administering aspirin (due to the risk of Reye's syndrome).
Question:
15. Measles (rubeola)
Answer:
a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus. It is spread through the air and by
direct contact of the droplets of infected persons. Isolation Precautions: airborne and contact
Complications: otitis media, pneumonia, laryngotracheitis, encephalitis (rare) fever malaise
cough conjunctivitis Koplik's spots (pinpoint red spot with white specks in buccal cavity) lasting
3-4 days acute phase irregular macular erythema rash appears beginning on face and behind
ears and spreading to feet (lasts up to 7 days) vomiting diarrhea anorexia lymphadenopathy
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Common patterns of communicable diseases: incubation period
Answer:
the initial stage after exposure before symptoms are apparent
Question:
2. when the symptoms first become apparent; symptoms may be vague and not specified to
the pathogen
Answer:
Common patterns of communicable diseases: Prodromal period
Question:
3. Common patterns of communicable diseases: Acute illness
Answer:
as the pathogen replicates, more severe and specific symptoms are present
Question:
4. Common patterns of communicable diseases: Decline stage
Answer:
symptoms gradually improve
Question:
5. Common patterns of communicable diseases: Convalescence
Answer:
symptoms resolve
Question:
6. Infection Control: Standard Precautions
Answer:
Use barrier protection such as gloves, goggles, gowns, and masks. The purpose is to prevent
contamination from all body fluids, secretions, and excretions.
Question:
,7. Infection Control: Respiratory Hygiene
Answer:
Cover mouth and turn head away when coughing and sneezing. Offer surgical mask for persons
who are coughing. Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions. Keep distance from others when
coughing.
Question:
8. tions
Answer:
Restricted visitation, Enter only if immune Everyone must: clean hands when entering and
leaving the room Care providers and staff must: wear gown and gloves before entering the room
wear an N95 mask Patient placement: airborne infection isolation room required (negative air
pressure) keep door closed EX: Varicella and Measles
Question:
9. Infection Control: Droplet Precautions
Answer:
For illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets. Everyone must: Clean hands when entering
and leaving room And: Wear mask Care providers and staff must: Wear eye protection with
respiratory symptoms and standard precautions when contact with secretions likely EX: Mumps,
German Measles (Rubella) and Pertussis
Question:
10. Infection Control: Contact Precautions
Answer:
tact with items. Everyone must: clean hands when entering and leaving room put on gown and
gloves at door Care providers and staff must: use patient-dedicated or disposable equipment
clean and disinfect shared equipment
Question:
11. Chickenpox (Varicella)
Answer:
a highly contagious viral respiratory disease transmitted through the air, direct contact, and
through contaminated objects. Contracting chickenpox during pregnancy can possibly cause
, birth defects or a life-threatening illness. Isolation Precautions: airborne contact Complications:
secondary bacterial skin infections, encephalitis, pneumonia
Question:
12. Chickenpox: Clinical Manifestations
Answer:
prodromal phase: 24 hours of low-grade fever malaise anorexia acute phase: pruritic rash to
face, trunk, extremities rash appears as papules (raised red/pink bumps), then forms into
vesicles (small-fluid filled blisters), then the blisters break and leak and form crusts and scabs
typically lasts about a week
Question:
13. Chickenpox: Therapeutic Management
Answer:
antipruritic or antihistamine medications for itching acetaminophen for discomfort or fever never
aspirin because of risk of Reye's
Question:
14. Chickenpox: Nursing Management
Answer:
For hospitalization, implement airborne contact precautions until lesions are crusted. Educate
parents about home care. Isolate ill child from children at high risk and unvaccinated individuals
until lesions are crusted. Encourage skin care. apply pressure on itchy areas rather than
scratching smooth and shorten nails place mittens on young children bathe daily without soap
Dress in lightweight, loose clothing to keep cool. Encourage child to drink fluids. Avoid
administering aspirin (due to the risk of Reye's syndrome).
Question:
15. Measles (rubeola)
Answer:
a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus. It is spread through the air and by
direct contact of the droplets of infected persons. Isolation Precautions: airborne and contact
Complications: otitis media, pneumonia, laryngotracheitis, encephalitis (rare) fever malaise
cough conjunctivitis Koplik's spots (pinpoint red spot with white specks in buccal cavity) lasting
3-4 days acute phase irregular macular erythema rash appears beginning on face and behind
ears and spreading to feet (lasts up to 7 days) vomiting diarrhea anorexia lymphadenopathy
