TEST BANK for Human Learning 8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15

TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15

, CHAPTER 1
PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING

Multiple Choice Questions

Human beings undoubtedly learn more during the course of a lifetime than
any other species on earth. The major result of this capacity to learn is that:
New instincts begin to emerge.
Human thought becomes less logical with each generation.
Humans can benefit from their experiences.
Humans are the only species whose behavior cannot be analyzed in
terms of stimuli and responses.

Three of the following are examples of learning. Which one is not?
Abigail cries when she steps on a sharp pebble.
After many hours of heated debate, Brian begins to advocate
political practices he has previously opposed.
Cara suddenly recognizes how the division fact ―24 ’ 4 = 6‖ is related
to the multiplication fact ―6 x 4 = 24.‖
David has been running away from German shepherds ever since he
was bitten by a German shepherd two years ago.

Reynelda has trouble tracing a complex shape with a pencil when she is in
kindergarten, but she can do it quite well by the time she is in second grade. Is
this an instance of learning?
Yes, because her behavior has changed.
No, because the circumstances are too dissimilar.
Maybe, although the change may simply be due to
physiological maturation.
Maybe, but only if she is being reinforced for tracing accurately.




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, Chapteraj1aj–
ajPerspectivesajonajLearning




Threeajofajtheajfollowingajillustrateajvariousajwaysajthatajlearningajmighta j beajreflec
tedajinajaajperson‘sajbehavior.ajWhichajoneajofajtheajfollowingajchangesajdoesajnotajneces
sarilyajreflectajlearning?
Althoughajit‘sajaajschoolajnight,ajDeanajplaysajvideoajgamesajuntilajwellajpastajh
isjausualajbedtime.ajAsajheajbecomesajmoreajtired,ajheajfindsajitajincreasinglyajdif
ficultajtoajconcentrateajonajwhatajhe‘sajdoing.
Evenajasajaajyoungajchild,ajJerryajcouldajtellajyouajthatajhisajgrandparent
sajimmigratedajtoajtheajUnitedajStatesajfromajIreland.ajButajafterajaajcon
versationajwithajhisajgrandmother,ajheajcanajnowajdescribeajtheajcircum
stancesajofajtheajfamily‘sajimmigrationajinajconsiderableajdetail.
Dayajafterajday, ajMartinajpracticesajhisajbasketballajskillsa j (shooting,jadribbli
ng,ajetc.)ajonajaajbasketballajcourtajatajaajlocalajpark.ajWithajeachajpracticeajsessi
on,ajhisajmovementsajbecomeajfasterajandajsmoother.
Lewisajoccasionallyajasksajforajhelpajwhenajheajhasajdifficultyajwithajhisajclass
work,ajbutajmostajofajtheajtimeajheajjustajstrugglesajquietlyajonajhisajown.ajAfter
ajhisajteacherajassuresaj himajthat ajasking aj forajhelpaj isajnotajaajsignajofajweakness

ajorajinability, aj heaj beginsajaskingaj forajhelpaj muchaj moreajfrequently.




aj researchajexaminesajlearningajinajtightlyajcontrolledajsettingsajand
aj researchajexaminesajlearningajinajreal-worldajsettings.
Applied;ajBasicajBasi
c;ajQualitativeajQualit
ative;ajAppliedjaBasic;
ajApplied




Aajprincipleajofajlearningajcanajbestajbeajcharacterizedajas:
Aajdescriptionajofajtheajresultsajofajaajparticularajresearchajstudy
Aajstatementajthatajdescribesajhowajaajparticularajfactorajaffectsajlearning
Theajmeasurementajofajhowajmuchajlearningajhasajoccurredajinajaja
particularajsituation
Anajexplanationajofajtheajunderlyingajprocessesajthroughajwhichajlearningajoccurs

Aajtheoryajofajlearningajcanajbestajbeajcharacterizedajas:
Aajdescriptionajofajtheajresultsajofajaajparticularajresearchajstudy
Aajstatementajthatajdescribesajhowajaajparticularajfactorajaffectsajlearning
Theajmeasurementajofajhowajmuchajlearningajhasajoccurredajinajaja
particularajsituation
Anajexplanationajofajtheajunderlyingajprocessesajthroughajwhichajlearningajoccurs




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, Chapteraj1aj–
ajPerspectivesajonajLearning




Threeajofajtheajfollowingajareajprinciplesajofajlearning.ajWhichajoneajisajaajtheory
ofajlearningajratherajthanajaajprinciple?
Aajbehaviorajthatajisajfollowedajbyajpunishmentajdecreasesajinajfrequency.
Peopleajlearnajbyajmakingajmentalajassociationsajbetweenajnewajinformatio
njaandajtheirajexistingajknowledge.
Aajresponseajthatajisajrewardedajeveryajtimeajitajoccursajincreasesajmor
ejarapidlyajthanajaajresponseajthatajisajonlyajoccasionallyajrewarded.
Studentsajtendajtoajrememberajmoreajofajaajlectureajifajtheyajtakeajnotesajonjat
heajlecture‘sajcontent.

Whichajoneajofajtheajfollowingajcommonajsayingsajbestajreflectsajtheajconce
ptjaofajintrospection?
―Whereajthere‘sajaajwill,ajthere‘sajaajway.‖
―Nothingajventured,ajnothingajgained.‖
―Aajpennyajforaj yourajthoughts.‖
―Oldajhabitsajdieajhard.‖

Whichajoneajofajtheajfollowingajcommonajsayingsajbestajreflectsajtheajbasi
cjpa remiseajunderlyingajsocialajlearningajtheory?
―Monkeyajsee,ajmonkeyajdo.‖
―Spareajtheajrodajandajspoilajtheajchild.‖
―Aajfriendajinajneedajisajaajfriendajindeed.‖
―Aajrollingajstoneajgathersajnoajmoss.‖

Whichajoneajofajtheajfollowingajstatementsajprovidesajtheajmostajcredibleajexpl
anationajforajtheajfactajthatajhumanajbeingsajseemajtoajsurpassajallajotherajanimaljasp
eciesajinajtheirajthinkingajandajlearningajcapacities?
Onlyajhumanajbeingsajhaveajtheajcapabilityajtoajmakeajtools.
Humansajcommunicateajregularlyajwithajoneajanotherajand,ajinajdoingajs
o,japassajalongajwhatajthey‘veajlearnedajtoajfutureajgenerations.
Humanajbeingsajhaveajaajhugeajrepertoireajofajinstinctualajbehaviorsajfro
mjawhichajtheyajcanajdrawajwhenajtheyajencounterajnewajexperiences.
Humanajbrainsajareajsmallerajthanajthoseajofajotherajintelligentajspeciesaj(e.g.,
ajelephants, ajdolphins)ajandajthereforeajcanajtransmit aj messagesaj moreajquick

lyjaandajefficiently.




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