NUR 505 ADVANCED NURSING
RESEARCH FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. Which of the following describes a Type I error in research?
A. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false
B. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
C. Accepting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true
D. Failure to identify a relationship that actually exists in the population
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A Type I error occurs when a researcher concludes that there is
a statistically significant effect or relationship (rejecting the null hypothesis) when in
reality there is none.
2. In the PICO format for clinical questions, what does the ‘O’ represent?
A. Order of intervention
B. Observation period
C. Organization of data
D. Outcome of interest
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: PICO stands for Population/Patient, Intervention, Comparison,
and Outcome. The ‘O’ is the measurable result the researcher expects to see.
3. Which ethical principle from the Belmont Report ensures that the benefits of research are
distributed fairly?
A. Justice
B. Beneficence
C. Autonomy
D. Non-maleficence
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The principle of Justice requires that the selection of research
participants be equitable and that the burdens and benefits of research be fairly shared.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a true experimental design?
A. Lack of a control group
B. Measurement of data at only one point in time
C. Manipulation of the dependent variable
D. Random assignment of participants to groups
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: True experiments must include manipulation of the independent
variable, a control group, and random assignment.
5. What is the primary purpose of a power analysis in quantitative research?
A. To determine the appropriate statistical test
B. To calculate the probability of a Type I error
C. To estimate the required sample size to detect an effect
D. To assess the internal consistency of a scale
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Power analysis is used prior to a study to determine how many
participants are needed to achieve a specific level of power (usually 0.80) to detect an
effect if one exists.
6. A researcher is studying the lived experience of mothers with postpartum depression.
Which qualitative tradition is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Phenomenology
C. Historical Research
D. Ethnography
Answer: B
RESEARCH FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. Which of the following describes a Type I error in research?
A. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false
B. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
C. Accepting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true
D. Failure to identify a relationship that actually exists in the population
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A Type I error occurs when a researcher concludes that there is
a statistically significant effect or relationship (rejecting the null hypothesis) when in
reality there is none.
2. In the PICO format for clinical questions, what does the ‘O’ represent?
A. Order of intervention
B. Observation period
C. Organization of data
D. Outcome of interest
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: PICO stands for Population/Patient, Intervention, Comparison,
and Outcome. The ‘O’ is the measurable result the researcher expects to see.
3. Which ethical principle from the Belmont Report ensures that the benefits of research are
distributed fairly?
A. Justice
B. Beneficence
C. Autonomy
D. Non-maleficence
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The principle of Justice requires that the selection of research
participants be equitable and that the burdens and benefits of research be fairly shared.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a true experimental design?
A. Lack of a control group
B. Measurement of data at only one point in time
C. Manipulation of the dependent variable
D. Random assignment of participants to groups
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: True experiments must include manipulation of the independent
variable, a control group, and random assignment.
5. What is the primary purpose of a power analysis in quantitative research?
A. To determine the appropriate statistical test
B. To calculate the probability of a Type I error
C. To estimate the required sample size to detect an effect
D. To assess the internal consistency of a scale
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Power analysis is used prior to a study to determine how many
participants are needed to achieve a specific level of power (usually 0.80) to detect an
effect if one exists.
6. A researcher is studying the lived experience of mothers with postpartum depression.
Which qualitative tradition is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Phenomenology
C. Historical Research
D. Ethnography
Answer: B
