SCI 225 Pathophysiology Nightingale College pathophysiology Midterm study guide Updated 2026

Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Study Guide Updated SCI 225 2026 | Practice-Ready Answer Guide The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient? (NC) - answer - Cystic Fibrosis Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: (NC) - answer - protect the cells from injury The nurse in the genetics clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progressve dementia in middle to later adulthood. To which disease is the nurse most likely referring to? (NC) - answer - Huntington Disease The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is called a? (NC) - answer - Codon The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is called the disease? (NC) - answer - Phenotype The condition that occurs when a zygot is missing in each cell is referred to as? (NC) - answer - monosomy The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis is? (NC) - answer - Transcription The somatic cell that contians a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called? (NC) - answer - euploid cell Which is the chief function of ribosomes? (NC) - answer - protein synthesis A disease results in the accumulation of lipids in the nerve cells of the brain is? (NC) - answer - Tay-Sachs Disease Cellular Atrophy: (NC) ** - answer - a decrease in cell size The process by which cells program themselves to die? (NC) ** - answer - Apoptosis Which causes metaplasia in humans? (NC) - answer - cell injury from noxious stimuli The postmortem decrease in a patient's body temperature will be documented as? (NC) - answer - Algor Mortis Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal changes in? (NC) - answer - Cell secretions Clastogens are agents that cause? (NC) - answer - Chromosomal breakage Which organ is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol (ethanol) injury? (NC) - answer - Liver The nurse documents "tattoing and stippling" in a trauma patient. Which type of injury does this patient have? (NC) - answer - Gunshot wounds When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the nurse document on the chart? (NC) - answer - An Avulsion A patient with a combined immune deficieny lacks: (NC) - answer - T and B lympocytes When assessing a patient with SLE, you should expect to identify? (NC) - answer - Arthralgia, anemia, and rash Your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity are they displaying? (NC) - answer - Type 1 The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are? (NC) - answer - Neutrophils and Macrophages What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle? (NC) - answer - It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the? (NC) - answer - Skin and mucuous membranes What term is used to describe the process of endocyosis? (NC) - answer - Engulfment DiGeorge Syndrome is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of which organ? (NC) - answer - Thymus Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses? (NC) - answer - Interferon You're planning a community teaching even about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). To which population should your teaching be primarily targeted? (NC) - answer - Women; 20-40 years old Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? (Q) - answer - Carbonic Acid/Bicarbonate (Carbonic Acid/Bicarbonate operates in both lung and kidney and is a major extracellular buffer) For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensaton by the body will include? (Q) - answer - Kidney excretion of H+ A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by