External Validity Questions With Correct
Answers 2026/2027 A+ Graded
Definition:
A study is said to have this once it is determined that the study was conducted properly (correct
subject selection and ascertainment of information; appropriate method and computation of
measure of association used; study lacks any systematic error) - correct answerinternal validity
The possible influence of what 3 things must be assessed to determine a study's internal
validity? - correct answerchance, bias, confounding
An internally valid study produces... - correct answera "true association"
Definition:
A true or valid association must then be considered for whether it represents a causal
relationship
This implies that the finding may be generalized beyond a set of observations to some universal
statement - correct answerexternal validity
The appraisal of a study's external validity deals with evaluating a study's findings using various
_____ for judging if the exposure is truly a causal determinant for the disease (this evaluation
must bring in information form other epidemiological studies as well as from other fields of
biomedical research). - correct answercausal criteria
Summarize internal validity. - correct answerappropriate study designs are utilized and measure
of association computed for suspected etiologic hypothesis
, role of chance, bias, and confounding are assessed and "ruled out"
result is that a valid association exists between the exposure and outcome of interest
After internal validity is determined, what next? - correct answerwe question whether or not we
believe if this association is causal
- this is when a study's finding is assessed for its external validity to determine how likely this
valid association observed between exposure and health outcome is to be one of cause and
effect
What are some causes of events and diseases? List 3. - correct answer1. Automobile accident
fatality
2. Lung cancer
3. Influenza infection
What are 3 essential attributes of a cause? - correct answer1. Association
2. Time order
3. Direction
Which essential attribute of a cause?
Causal factor must occur together with its effect - correct answerassociation
Which essential attribute of a cause?
Answers 2026/2027 A+ Graded
Definition:
A study is said to have this once it is determined that the study was conducted properly (correct
subject selection and ascertainment of information; appropriate method and computation of
measure of association used; study lacks any systematic error) - correct answerinternal validity
The possible influence of what 3 things must be assessed to determine a study's internal
validity? - correct answerchance, bias, confounding
An internally valid study produces... - correct answera "true association"
Definition:
A true or valid association must then be considered for whether it represents a causal
relationship
This implies that the finding may be generalized beyond a set of observations to some universal
statement - correct answerexternal validity
The appraisal of a study's external validity deals with evaluating a study's findings using various
_____ for judging if the exposure is truly a causal determinant for the disease (this evaluation
must bring in information form other epidemiological studies as well as from other fields of
biomedical research). - correct answercausal criteria
Summarize internal validity. - correct answerappropriate study designs are utilized and measure
of association computed for suspected etiologic hypothesis
, role of chance, bias, and confounding are assessed and "ruled out"
result is that a valid association exists between the exposure and outcome of interest
After internal validity is determined, what next? - correct answerwe question whether or not we
believe if this association is causal
- this is when a study's finding is assessed for its external validity to determine how likely this
valid association observed between exposure and health outcome is to be one of cause and
effect
What are some causes of events and diseases? List 3. - correct answer1. Automobile accident
fatality
2. Lung cancer
3. Influenza infection
What are 3 essential attributes of a cause? - correct answer1. Association
2. Time order
3. Direction
Which essential attribute of a cause?
Causal factor must occur together with its effect - correct answerassociation
Which essential attribute of a cause?
