CITP Exam 2 | UPDATED 2026 | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
• What is the conscious mind responsible for? -✓✓ANSWER: The conscious mind
is the rational, analytical part of the mind and the home to willpower and short-
term memory.
• What does the subconscious mind react to? -✓✓ANSWER: The subconscious
mind reacts to danger signals, triggering the sympathetic nervous system.
• Training the Subconscious Mind: -✓✓ANSWER: Scenario-based training is
essential to train the subconscious mind for real-life situations.
• Stress and Decision-Making: -✓✓ANSWER: Stress impacts an officer's ability to
perceive information and make decisions.
In life-or-death situations, the body's "fight or flee" response takes over.
• Brain Activity Under Stress: -✓✓ANSWER: The amygdala sends a distress signal
to the hypothalamus when it perceives danger.
The hypothalamus activates the autonomic nervous system, affecting involuntary
body functions.
• Physiological Changes: -✓✓ANSWER: The sympathetic nervous system triggers
the release of adrenaline, causing increased heart rate, breathing, and alertness.
,• Decision-Making Factors: -✓✓ANSWER: Decision-making involves problem-
solving, goal-setting, adaptive and intuitive thinking.
• Decision-Making Models: -✓✓ANSWER: Recognition-Primed Decision-Making
(RPD) and the OODA Loop are two models that explain decision-making in high-
stress situations.
• Recognition-Primed Decision-Making (RPD): -✓✓ANSWER: RPD involves making
decisions based on situation assessment and mental simulation.
Experienced individuals rely on prior training and experience to react quickly.
• OODA Loop Model: -✓✓ANSWER: The OODA Loop (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act)
describes the sequence of events individuals go through in combat-type
situations.
Orientation (understanding what is observed) is the most critical element.
• Action vs. Reaction: -✓✓ANSWER: Action is faster than reaction.
Officers must be aware of pre-assault indicators to act proactively.
• Proactive Use of Force: -✓✓ANSWER: Proactive use of force is a decision made
in response to the totality of the circumstances.
• Self-Regulation Skills -✓✓ANSWER: Self-regulation involves a combination of
tangible skills and intangible dispositions.
• Intangible Dispositions -✓✓ANSWER: Intangible dispositions include self-
leadership, positive self-talk, and an expectation to win.
, • Self-Leadership -✓✓ANSWER: Self-leadership involves purposeful thinking, self-
awareness, and personal responsibility.
• Positive Self-Talk -✓✓ANSWER: Positive self-talk enhances confidence and
resilience.
• Tangible Skills -✓✓ANSWER: Tangible skills include breathing techniques and
goal-setting strategies.
• Breathing Techniques -✓✓ANSWER: Deep, conscious breathing can help
regulate the body's response to stress.
Tactical breathing (box breathing) is a specific technique to manage stress.
• Mental Strategies and Goal Setting -✓✓ANSWER: Mental rehearsal and
visualization can enhance performance under stress.
The "What's Important Now" (WIN) principle helps officers prioritize in high-stress
situations.
• Physical Preparedness -✓✓ANSWER: Physical fitness is essential for managing
the demands of use of force encounters.
• Qualities of a Fitness Program -✓✓ANSWER: A comprehensive fitness program
for law enforcement should include combat-type workouts, high-intensity
functional training (HIFT), and variance.
ANSWERS | COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
• What is the conscious mind responsible for? -✓✓ANSWER: The conscious mind
is the rational, analytical part of the mind and the home to willpower and short-
term memory.
• What does the subconscious mind react to? -✓✓ANSWER: The subconscious
mind reacts to danger signals, triggering the sympathetic nervous system.
• Training the Subconscious Mind: -✓✓ANSWER: Scenario-based training is
essential to train the subconscious mind for real-life situations.
• Stress and Decision-Making: -✓✓ANSWER: Stress impacts an officer's ability to
perceive information and make decisions.
In life-or-death situations, the body's "fight or flee" response takes over.
• Brain Activity Under Stress: -✓✓ANSWER: The amygdala sends a distress signal
to the hypothalamus when it perceives danger.
The hypothalamus activates the autonomic nervous system, affecting involuntary
body functions.
• Physiological Changes: -✓✓ANSWER: The sympathetic nervous system triggers
the release of adrenaline, causing increased heart rate, breathing, and alertness.
,• Decision-Making Factors: -✓✓ANSWER: Decision-making involves problem-
solving, goal-setting, adaptive and intuitive thinking.
• Decision-Making Models: -✓✓ANSWER: Recognition-Primed Decision-Making
(RPD) and the OODA Loop are two models that explain decision-making in high-
stress situations.
• Recognition-Primed Decision-Making (RPD): -✓✓ANSWER: RPD involves making
decisions based on situation assessment and mental simulation.
Experienced individuals rely on prior training and experience to react quickly.
• OODA Loop Model: -✓✓ANSWER: The OODA Loop (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act)
describes the sequence of events individuals go through in combat-type
situations.
Orientation (understanding what is observed) is the most critical element.
• Action vs. Reaction: -✓✓ANSWER: Action is faster than reaction.
Officers must be aware of pre-assault indicators to act proactively.
• Proactive Use of Force: -✓✓ANSWER: Proactive use of force is a decision made
in response to the totality of the circumstances.
• Self-Regulation Skills -✓✓ANSWER: Self-regulation involves a combination of
tangible skills and intangible dispositions.
• Intangible Dispositions -✓✓ANSWER: Intangible dispositions include self-
leadership, positive self-talk, and an expectation to win.
, • Self-Leadership -✓✓ANSWER: Self-leadership involves purposeful thinking, self-
awareness, and personal responsibility.
• Positive Self-Talk -✓✓ANSWER: Positive self-talk enhances confidence and
resilience.
• Tangible Skills -✓✓ANSWER: Tangible skills include breathing techniques and
goal-setting strategies.
• Breathing Techniques -✓✓ANSWER: Deep, conscious breathing can help
regulate the body's response to stress.
Tactical breathing (box breathing) is a specific technique to manage stress.
• Mental Strategies and Goal Setting -✓✓ANSWER: Mental rehearsal and
visualization can enhance performance under stress.
The "What's Important Now" (WIN) principle helps officers prioritize in high-stress
situations.
• Physical Preparedness -✓✓ANSWER: Physical fitness is essential for managing
the demands of use of force encounters.
• Qualities of a Fitness Program -✓✓ANSWER: A comprehensive fitness program
for law enforcement should include combat-type workouts, high-intensity
functional training (HIFT), and variance.
