MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question 1.
Binomial Nomenclature
ANSWER
Classification system which identifies organisms by their genus and species. The order is:
Genus species Correct way to write: Capitalize Genus but leave species uncapitalized; if
written once, the next time it can be shortened to G. species; Should either be underlined or
italicized
Question 2.
Who estab- lished Binomial Nomenclature?
ANSWER
Carolus Linnaeus
Question 3.
Characteristics of Bacteria
ANSWER
Prokaryote; single-celled; Peptidoglycan walls; divide via binary fission; gets their nutrition
through inorganic and organic chemicals or photosynthesis; uses flagella to move
Question 4.
Characteristics of Fungi
ANSWER
Eukaryote; chitin cell walls; uses organic chemicals for nutrition; yeasts are unicellular while
mold and mushrooms are multi-cellular;
Question 5.
What does mold consist of?
ANSWER
masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae
,Question 6.
Characteristics of Algae
ANSWER
Eukaryotes; cellulose cell walls; Found in soil, freshwater, and saltwater; uses photosynthesis
for nutrition; can reproduce either sexually or asexually
Question 7.
Characteristics of Protozoa
ANSWER
Eukaryotes; organic chemicals for nutrition; may move using flagella, pseudopods, or cilia;
can either be free-living or parasitic; some are photosynthetic; can reproduce either sexually
or asexually; AKA helminth; uni-cellular
Question 8.
Characteristics of Viruses
ANSWER
Acellular; consists of either a DNA or RNA core which is surrounded by a protein coat which
may be enclosed in a lipid envelope; can only be replicated when in a living host cell
Question 9.
Biogenesis
ANSWER
the hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells
Question 10.
Spontaneous Generation
ANSWER
the hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a "vital force" is necessary for life
Question 11.
Robert Hooke
ANSWER
Used a microscope and reported that living things are made of cells; marked the beginning of
the cell theory
,Question 12.
Antonie van Leeuwenheok
ANSWER
Discovered protists and bacteria; "animalcules" aka a microscopic animal
Question 13.
Francesco Redi
ANSWER
Filled jars with decaying meat; first he covered the jars with a fine net, reporting that no
maggots appeared; next, he opened the jars and maggots appeared; finally, he closed the jar
and there were no maggots; trying to disprove spontaneous generation
Question 14.
John Needham
ANSWER
Put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks; there was microbial growth
Question 15.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
ANSWER
Boiled nutrient solutions in sealed flasks; no microbial growth
Question 16.
Rudolf Virchow
ANSWER
proposed that new cells are formed only from cells that already exist
Question 17.
Louis Pasteur
ANSWER
Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air; first he used nutrient broth in a
non-sealed flask and there was microbial growth; he did the same but sealed the flask and
there was no microbial growth; used s-shaped flasks to keep microorganisms out and only let
air in; the microorganisms get trapped in the neck of the flask; showed the microorganisms
are responsible for fermentation; disproved spontaneous generation;
, Question 18.
Pasteurization
ANSWER
the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages
Question 19.
Koch's Postulates
ANSWER
1. The microorganism should be in abundance throughout the population of diseased
organisms but not in healthy organisms
2. The microorganism should be isolated from diseased organism and grown in a pure culture
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy
organism
4. The microorganism should then be isolated from the deceased organism that died from the
disease and then identify if this is the same as the original microorganism THIS IS USED TO
PROVE THAT THE SPECIFIC BACTERIA IS CAUSING THE SPECIFIC DISEASE
Question 20.
Robert Koch
ANSWER
Discovered that bacterium causes anthrax and established Koch's Postulates
Question 21.
Ignaz Semmelweis
ANSWER
advocated handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one obstetrical
patient to another
Question 22.
Joseph Lister
ANSWER
used a chemical antiseptic (phenol) to prevent surgical wound infections
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question 1.
Binomial Nomenclature
ANSWER
Classification system which identifies organisms by their genus and species. The order is:
Genus species Correct way to write: Capitalize Genus but leave species uncapitalized; if
written once, the next time it can be shortened to G. species; Should either be underlined or
italicized
Question 2.
Who estab- lished Binomial Nomenclature?
ANSWER
Carolus Linnaeus
Question 3.
Characteristics of Bacteria
ANSWER
Prokaryote; single-celled; Peptidoglycan walls; divide via binary fission; gets their nutrition
through inorganic and organic chemicals or photosynthesis; uses flagella to move
Question 4.
Characteristics of Fungi
ANSWER
Eukaryote; chitin cell walls; uses organic chemicals for nutrition; yeasts are unicellular while
mold and mushrooms are multi-cellular;
Question 5.
What does mold consist of?
ANSWER
masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae
,Question 6.
Characteristics of Algae
ANSWER
Eukaryotes; cellulose cell walls; Found in soil, freshwater, and saltwater; uses photosynthesis
for nutrition; can reproduce either sexually or asexually
Question 7.
Characteristics of Protozoa
ANSWER
Eukaryotes; organic chemicals for nutrition; may move using flagella, pseudopods, or cilia;
can either be free-living or parasitic; some are photosynthetic; can reproduce either sexually
or asexually; AKA helminth; uni-cellular
Question 8.
Characteristics of Viruses
ANSWER
Acellular; consists of either a DNA or RNA core which is surrounded by a protein coat which
may be enclosed in a lipid envelope; can only be replicated when in a living host cell
Question 9.
Biogenesis
ANSWER
the hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells
Question 10.
Spontaneous Generation
ANSWER
the hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a "vital force" is necessary for life
Question 11.
Robert Hooke
ANSWER
Used a microscope and reported that living things are made of cells; marked the beginning of
the cell theory
,Question 12.
Antonie van Leeuwenheok
ANSWER
Discovered protists and bacteria; "animalcules" aka a microscopic animal
Question 13.
Francesco Redi
ANSWER
Filled jars with decaying meat; first he covered the jars with a fine net, reporting that no
maggots appeared; next, he opened the jars and maggots appeared; finally, he closed the jar
and there were no maggots; trying to disprove spontaneous generation
Question 14.
John Needham
ANSWER
Put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks; there was microbial growth
Question 15.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
ANSWER
Boiled nutrient solutions in sealed flasks; no microbial growth
Question 16.
Rudolf Virchow
ANSWER
proposed that new cells are formed only from cells that already exist
Question 17.
Louis Pasteur
ANSWER
Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air; first he used nutrient broth in a
non-sealed flask and there was microbial growth; he did the same but sealed the flask and
there was no microbial growth; used s-shaped flasks to keep microorganisms out and only let
air in; the microorganisms get trapped in the neck of the flask; showed the microorganisms
are responsible for fermentation; disproved spontaneous generation;
, Question 18.
Pasteurization
ANSWER
the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages
Question 19.
Koch's Postulates
ANSWER
1. The microorganism should be in abundance throughout the population of diseased
organisms but not in healthy organisms
2. The microorganism should be isolated from diseased organism and grown in a pure culture
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy
organism
4. The microorganism should then be isolated from the deceased organism that died from the
disease and then identify if this is the same as the original microorganism THIS IS USED TO
PROVE THAT THE SPECIFIC BACTERIA IS CAUSING THE SPECIFIC DISEASE
Question 20.
Robert Koch
ANSWER
Discovered that bacterium causes anthrax and established Koch's Postulates
Question 21.
Ignaz Semmelweis
ANSWER
advocated handwashing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one obstetrical
patient to another
Question 22.
Joseph Lister
ANSWER
used a chemical antiseptic (phenol) to prevent surgical wound infections
