NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam 2026/2027 | 150+ Verified Questions &
Answers | UT Arlington Nursing Prep | 6 Core
Domains | Instant Download
Questions 1–170
Domain 1: Cellular Adaptation & Injury (Questions 1–29)
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.
2. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to increased workload.
3. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell number?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
,D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, often hormonal or compensatory.
4. Which cellular adaptation involves a decrease in cell size?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased workload or nutrition.
5. Which cellular adaptation involves replacement of one cell type with another?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: D
Rationale: Metaplasia is reversible replacement of one mature cell type with another.
6. Which cellular change is considered precancerous?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: D
Rationale: Dysplasia involves disordered cell growth and is a precursor to malignancy.
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,7. Which type of necrosis is characterized by enzymatic digestion and liquefaction?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: B
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in brain infarcts and bacterial abscesses.
8. Which type of necrosis is characteristic of tuberculosis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: C
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive, seen in TB.
9. Which type of necrosis occurs in myocardial infarction?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: A
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture, seen in ischemic injury.
10. Which type of necrosis occurs in acute pancreatitis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
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, C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: D
Rationale: Fat necrosis occurs due to lipase release in pancreatitis.
11. What is apoptosis?
A) Accidental cell death
B) Programmed cell death
C) Inflammatory cell death
D) Necrotic cell death
Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated, energy-dependent cell death without inflammation.
12. Which intracellular accumulation is associated with alcohol abuse?
A) Glycogen
B) Fat
C) Protein
D) Pigment
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol abuse causes fatty liver (steatosis).
13. Which pigment accumulates in bruises?
A) Melanin
B) Hemosiderin
C) Lipofuscin
D) Bilirubin
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemosiderin is an iron-containing pigment from hemoglobin breakdown.
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Exam 2026/2027 | 150+ Verified Questions &
Answers | UT Arlington Nursing Prep | 6 Core
Domains | Instant Download
Questions 1–170
Domain 1: Cellular Adaptation & Injury (Questions 1–29)
1. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.
2. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in response to increased workload.
3. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell number?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
,D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, often hormonal or compensatory.
4. Which cellular adaptation involves a decrease in cell size?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased workload or nutrition.
5. Which cellular adaptation involves replacement of one cell type with another?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: D
Rationale: Metaplasia is reversible replacement of one mature cell type with another.
6. Which cellular change is considered precancerous?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: D
Rationale: Dysplasia involves disordered cell growth and is a precursor to malignancy.
2
,7. Which type of necrosis is characterized by enzymatic digestion and liquefaction?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: B
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in brain infarcts and bacterial abscesses.
8. Which type of necrosis is characteristic of tuberculosis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: C
Rationale: Caseous necrosis is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive, seen in TB.
9. Which type of necrosis occurs in myocardial infarction?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: A
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture, seen in ischemic injury.
10. Which type of necrosis occurs in acute pancreatitis?
A) Coagulative
B) Liquefactive
3
, C) Caseous
D) Fat
Answer: D
Rationale: Fat necrosis occurs due to lipase release in pancreatitis.
11. What is apoptosis?
A) Accidental cell death
B) Programmed cell death
C) Inflammatory cell death
D) Necrotic cell death
Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated, energy-dependent cell death without inflammation.
12. Which intracellular accumulation is associated with alcohol abuse?
A) Glycogen
B) Fat
C) Protein
D) Pigment
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol abuse causes fatty liver (steatosis).
13. Which pigment accumulates in bruises?
A) Melanin
B) Hemosiderin
C) Lipofuscin
D) Bilirubin
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemosiderin is an iron-containing pigment from hemoglobin breakdown.
4
