CSU PSY 252 - MIND, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR - FINAL UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
Answer:
Made Psychology as independent discipline away from physiology
- 1879 - 1st Successful formal psych lab
- 1881 - 1st journal devoted to psych labs
- 1883-1889 - 23 new psych labs
Question:
2. G. Stanley Hall
(1846-1924)
Answer:
American, was under Wilhelm Wundt
- 1883 - 1st American lab @ John Hopkins
- 1887 - 1st American psych journal
- 1892 - American Psychiatric Association founded
Question:
3. Structuralism
Answer:
Edward Titchener (1892)
- Task of psych is to analyze consciences to basic elements and analyze how those
basic elements relate
- Introspection - Careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious
experience
Question:
4. Functionalism
Answer:
William James (1842-1910)
- Psych should investigate the function/purpose of consciousness, rather than
the structure
- Shows how psych is embedded in a network of culture and intellectual influences
- Natural Selection - Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more
likely to be passed on to other generations or "selected"
over time
- Psychologists should investigate the functions vs. structure of consciousness,
consists of a continuous flow of thoughts
- Stream of consciousness vs lab (how people adapt their behavior to the
demands of the world
Question:
5. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
,Answer:
- The unconscious - Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below
the surface of conscious awareness, but are a great influence on behavior Austrian psychologist came up
with psychoanalysis
- Psychoanalysis - explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by
focusing on the unconscious
Question:
6. Behaviorism
Answer:
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
- Theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should
study observable behavior
- Behavior reflects to any observable response or activity by an organism
- S-R Psych (Simultaneous-response psych), using animals to study
- Science of behavior
Question:
7. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Answer:
Psych should only study observable behavior
- working w/ lab rats and pigeons, organisms tend to repeat responses that lead
to neutral or neg. consequences
- Behavior is governed by external stimuli, Beyond Freedom & Dignity that free
will is an illusion (controversial ideas, misunderstood)
- Humanism became influential in the 1950's after behaviorism and psychoanalysis became unsatisfactory
- Led by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers - emphasis on qualities of human
behavior and humans
Question:
8. Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Answer:
Humanistic psychologist - agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow,
- For a person to "grow", they need:
- an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure)
- acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard)
- empathy (being listened to and understood)
Question:
9. Understand techniques to im- prove study habits
, Answer:
- Rehearse - Practice it again and again
- Review - Go over it and analyse results
SQ3R:
- Survey - read like a book (don't highlight)
- Question - Break down concepts (write question MC for the topic)
- Read - Read at end and have it make sense
Question:
10. Scientific Ap- proach
Answer:
Assumes there are laws of behavior that can be discovered through empirical research
- Goals of Scientific Psychology:
- 1: Measurement/description of behavior
- 2: Understanding/prediction of behavior
- 3: Application of this knowledge to task of controlling behavior
Question:
11. Scientific Investigation
Answer:
5 Steps:
- 1: Formulate a testable hypothesis
- 2: Select the research method/design the study
- 3: Collect data
- 4: Analyze the data
- 5: Report the findings
Question:
12. Experimental Research
Answer:
Manipulation of an interdependent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable
- experimental and control groups are compared
- DV is due to IV (as long as no confounding variables)
- Manipulate variables, I.V. and D.V.
Question:
13. Descriptive/correlational of Experimental Reserach
Answer:
Psych relies on this type of research, when they are unable to manipulate the variables they want to study
- Naturalistic observation involves careful prolonged observation of behavior in
its natural setting w/o intervention
Question:
14. Clinical Research Depends heavily on case studies, in-depth investigation of individuals.
Answer:
- Interview participants, administer questions, gather info. on specific behaviors
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
Answer:
Made Psychology as independent discipline away from physiology
- 1879 - 1st Successful formal psych lab
- 1881 - 1st journal devoted to psych labs
- 1883-1889 - 23 new psych labs
Question:
2. G. Stanley Hall
(1846-1924)
Answer:
American, was under Wilhelm Wundt
- 1883 - 1st American lab @ John Hopkins
- 1887 - 1st American psych journal
- 1892 - American Psychiatric Association founded
Question:
3. Structuralism
Answer:
Edward Titchener (1892)
- Task of psych is to analyze consciences to basic elements and analyze how those
basic elements relate
- Introspection - Careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious
experience
Question:
4. Functionalism
Answer:
William James (1842-1910)
- Psych should investigate the function/purpose of consciousness, rather than
the structure
- Shows how psych is embedded in a network of culture and intellectual influences
- Natural Selection - Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more
likely to be passed on to other generations or "selected"
over time
- Psychologists should investigate the functions vs. structure of consciousness,
consists of a continuous flow of thoughts
- Stream of consciousness vs lab (how people adapt their behavior to the
demands of the world
Question:
5. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
,Answer:
- The unconscious - Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below
the surface of conscious awareness, but are a great influence on behavior Austrian psychologist came up
with psychoanalysis
- Psychoanalysis - explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by
focusing on the unconscious
Question:
6. Behaviorism
Answer:
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
- Theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should
study observable behavior
- Behavior reflects to any observable response or activity by an organism
- S-R Psych (Simultaneous-response psych), using animals to study
- Science of behavior
Question:
7. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Answer:
Psych should only study observable behavior
- working w/ lab rats and pigeons, organisms tend to repeat responses that lead
to neutral or neg. consequences
- Behavior is governed by external stimuli, Beyond Freedom & Dignity that free
will is an illusion (controversial ideas, misunderstood)
- Humanism became influential in the 1950's after behaviorism and psychoanalysis became unsatisfactory
- Led by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers - emphasis on qualities of human
behavior and humans
Question:
8. Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Answer:
Humanistic psychologist - agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow,
- For a person to "grow", they need:
- an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure)
- acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard)
- empathy (being listened to and understood)
Question:
9. Understand techniques to im- prove study habits
, Answer:
- Rehearse - Practice it again and again
- Review - Go over it and analyse results
SQ3R:
- Survey - read like a book (don't highlight)
- Question - Break down concepts (write question MC for the topic)
- Read - Read at end and have it make sense
Question:
10. Scientific Ap- proach
Answer:
Assumes there are laws of behavior that can be discovered through empirical research
- Goals of Scientific Psychology:
- 1: Measurement/description of behavior
- 2: Understanding/prediction of behavior
- 3: Application of this knowledge to task of controlling behavior
Question:
11. Scientific Investigation
Answer:
5 Steps:
- 1: Formulate a testable hypothesis
- 2: Select the research method/design the study
- 3: Collect data
- 4: Analyze the data
- 5: Report the findings
Question:
12. Experimental Research
Answer:
Manipulation of an interdependent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable
- experimental and control groups are compared
- DV is due to IV (as long as no confounding variables)
- Manipulate variables, I.V. and D.V.
Question:
13. Descriptive/correlational of Experimental Reserach
Answer:
Psych relies on this type of research, when they are unable to manipulate the variables they want to study
- Naturalistic observation involves careful prolonged observation of behavior in
its natural setting w/o intervention
Question:
14. Clinical Research Depends heavily on case studies, in-depth investigation of individuals.
Answer:
- Interview participants, administer questions, gather info. on specific behaviors
