NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4
2026/2027 | 300 Verified Questions & Answers |
UT Arlington Nursing Prep | 6 Core Domains |
Instant Download
Questions 1–300
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell number?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.
2. A smoker’s bronchial epithelium changes from columnar to squamous. This is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Neoplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another due to chronic
irritation.
3. Which type of necrosis is typical of ischemic injury in the kidney?
A) Liquefactive
B) Coagulative
C) Caseous
D) Fat
,Answer: B
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture and occurs in solid organs after ischemia.
4. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A) Causes inflammation
B) Is energy-dependent and programmed
C) Affects groups of cells
D) Always pathologic
Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated cell death without inflammation.
5. Which free radical causes lipid peroxidation of cell membranes?
A) Superoxide
B) Hydroxyl radical
C) Nitric oxide
D) Hydrogen peroxide
Answer: B
Rationale: Hydroxyl radical is highly reactive and initiates lipid peroxidation.
6. A child with Down syndrome has which chromosomal abnormality?
A) Monosomy 21
B) Trisomy 21
C) Deletion 5p
D) Translocation 22
Answer: B
Rationale: Down syndrome is usually caused by trisomy 21.
2
,7. Which disorder is autosomal recessive?
A) Huntington disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Marfan syndrome
D) Neurofibromatosis 1
Answer: B
Rationale: CF is autosomal recessive due to CFTR mutations.
8. Which gene is a tumor suppressor?
A) RAS
B) TP53
C) MYC
D) HER2
Answer: B
Rationale: TP53 regulates cell cycle and apoptosis; mutations lead to cancer.
9. A BRCA1 mutation increases risk for:
A) Colon cancer
B) Breast and ovarian cancer
C) Lung cancer
D) Prostate cancer
Answer: B
Rationale: BRCA1 mutations greatly increase breast and ovarian cancer risk.
10. Which finding is characteristic of malignant tumors?
A) Encapsulated
B) Metastasis
C) Slow growth
3
, D) Well differentiated
Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant tumors invade and metastasize.
11. Which cytokine causes fever?
A) IL-4
B) IL-1
C) IFN-gamma
D) TGF-beta
Answer: B
Rationale: IL-1 is a pyrogen acting on the hypothalamus.
12. Anaphylaxis is which hypersensitivity type?
A) Type I
B) Type I
C) Type II
D) Type III
Answer: B
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity.
13. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is:
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer: B
Rationale: Type II involves antibodies against cell surface antigens.
4
2026/2027 | 300 Verified Questions & Answers |
UT Arlington Nursing Prep | 6 Core Domains |
Instant Download
Questions 1–300
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell number?
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.
2. A smoker’s bronchial epithelium changes from columnar to squamous. This is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Neoplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another due to chronic
irritation.
3. Which type of necrosis is typical of ischemic injury in the kidney?
A) Liquefactive
B) Coagulative
C) Caseous
D) Fat
,Answer: B
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture and occurs in solid organs after ischemia.
4. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A) Causes inflammation
B) Is energy-dependent and programmed
C) Affects groups of cells
D) Always pathologic
Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated cell death without inflammation.
5. Which free radical causes lipid peroxidation of cell membranes?
A) Superoxide
B) Hydroxyl radical
C) Nitric oxide
D) Hydrogen peroxide
Answer: B
Rationale: Hydroxyl radical is highly reactive and initiates lipid peroxidation.
6. A child with Down syndrome has which chromosomal abnormality?
A) Monosomy 21
B) Trisomy 21
C) Deletion 5p
D) Translocation 22
Answer: B
Rationale: Down syndrome is usually caused by trisomy 21.
2
,7. Which disorder is autosomal recessive?
A) Huntington disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Marfan syndrome
D) Neurofibromatosis 1
Answer: B
Rationale: CF is autosomal recessive due to CFTR mutations.
8. Which gene is a tumor suppressor?
A) RAS
B) TP53
C) MYC
D) HER2
Answer: B
Rationale: TP53 regulates cell cycle and apoptosis; mutations lead to cancer.
9. A BRCA1 mutation increases risk for:
A) Colon cancer
B) Breast and ovarian cancer
C) Lung cancer
D) Prostate cancer
Answer: B
Rationale: BRCA1 mutations greatly increase breast and ovarian cancer risk.
10. Which finding is characteristic of malignant tumors?
A) Encapsulated
B) Metastasis
C) Slow growth
3
, D) Well differentiated
Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant tumors invade and metastasize.
11. Which cytokine causes fever?
A) IL-4
B) IL-1
C) IFN-gamma
D) TGF-beta
Answer: B
Rationale: IL-1 is a pyrogen acting on the hypothalamus.
12. Anaphylaxis is which hypersensitivity type?
A) Type I
B) Type I
C) Type II
D) Type III
Answer: B
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity.
13. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is:
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer: B
Rationale: Type II involves antibodies against cell surface antigens.
4
