NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 5 2026/2027 | 300+ Verified Questions & Answers | UT Arlington Nursing Prep | 6 Core Domains | Instant Download

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 5
2026/2027 | 300 Verified Questions & Answers |
UT Arlington Nursing Prep | 6 Core Domains |
Instant Download
Questions 1–300


1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, often in response to increased workload or hormonal
stimulation.




2. A woman's uterus enlarges during pregnancy. This is an example of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer: B
Rationale: The uterus undergoes both hypertrophy (cell enlargement) and hyperplasia (cell proliferation)
during pregnancy.




3. Which of the following is a reversible cellular adaptation?
A) Necrosis
B) Metaplasia

,C) Apoptosis
D) Coagulative necrosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible change where one mature cell type is replaced by another.




4. A biopsy of the cervix shows disorganized, atypical cells that have not invaded the basement
membrane. This is:
A) Metaplasia
B) Dysplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Neoplasia
Answer: B
Rationale: Dysplasia is characterized by disordered growth and atypical cells without invasion, often a
precursor to malignancy.




5. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with ischemia in the brain?
A) Coagulative necrosis
B) Liquefactive necrosis
C) Caseous necrosis
D) Fat necrosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Brain tissue undergoes liquefactive necrosis due to enzymatic digestion after ischemic injury.




6. Apoptosis is characterized by:
A) Cell swelling and inflammation
B) Cell shrinkage and no inflammation
C) Coagulation of proteins
D) Enzymatic digestion of cells

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,Answer: B
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death with cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and no
inflammatory response.




7. Which of the following is a major mechanism of cellular injury caused by free radicals?
A) DNA repair
B) Lipid peroxidation of membranes
C) Increased ATP production
D) Enhanced protein synthesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Free radicals cause lipid peroxidation, damaging cell membranes and leading to cell death.




8. A patient with a bacterial infection has an elevated white blood cell count with a "left shift."
This indicates:
A) Viral infection
B) Release of immature neutrophils from the bone marrow
C) Allergic reaction
D) Immunosuppression
Answer: B
Rationale: A left shift refers to an increase in band neutrophils, indicating acute bacterial infection.




9. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for fever?
A) Interleukin-4
B) Interleukin-1
C) Interferon-gamma
D) Tumor necrosis factor-beta
Answer: B
Rationale: IL-1 is a pyrogen that acts on the hypothalamus to produce fever.

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, 10. A patient experiences anaphylaxis after a bee sting. This is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A) Type I
B) Type I
C) Type II
D) Type III
Answer: B
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction.




11. In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antibodies destroy red blood cells. This is a:
A) Type I hypersensitivity
B) Type II hypersensitivity
C) Type III hypersensitivity
D) Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: B
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG or IgM antibodies directed against antigens on cell
surfaces.




12. Which of the following is a characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
A) Organ-specific autoantibodies
B) Immune complex deposition in multiple organs
C) IgE-mediated mast cell activation
D) T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
Answer: B
Rationale: SLE is a Type III hypersensitivity disease with immune complex deposition causing widespread
inflammation.



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