NR 283 Exam 1-Pathophysiology Week 1 With
Actual Correct Questions And Verified Detailed
Answers| Currently Testing Version | Already
Graded A+|Newest |2026 2027
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. What is the most likely type of cellular
adaptation in the client's heart muscle?
Atrophy
Anaplasia
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
*Hypertrophy, or enlargement of the cells without an increase in number, is caused
by overworking the tissue or hormonal secretions.
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. Which factor most likely contributed to
the cellular alteration?
Blood pressure
Older age
Gender
Osteoarthritis
Blood pressure
*The client’s high blood pressure, which has not been treated for the past 15 years,
has increased the work of the cardiac muscle, leading to hypertrophy.
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. Which method will most accurately
1|Page
,diagnose cellular adaptation, such as hypertrophy?
Blood test
Radiography
Microscopy
Direct observation
Microscopy
*Microscopy will most accurately diagnose altered cellular regulation.
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. Which level of prevention could have
identified the main cause of this client's altered cellular regulation so changes could be
made to maintain health?
Tertiary
Primary
Secondary
Quaternary
Secondary
A woman who is planning to become pregnant is taking folic acid to support healthy
neurologic development of the fetus once she becomes pregnant. Which level of
prevention is she practicing?
Secondary
Primary
Tertiary
Primary
A person with cardiac disease who eats healthy food, takes medications as prescribed,
and attends cardiac rehabilitation is practicing which level of prevention?
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,Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
During the stress response, glucose levels in the body ____ due to the release of _____.
Increase, Cortisol
Which hormone is associated with stress?
Thymosin
Somatostatin
Glucocorticoids
Prolactin
Glucocorticoids
______ is a generalized or systemic response to a change or stressor
Stress
This type of stress can be caused by pain, exposure to heat or cold, an accident, a
surgical procedure, infections and illness
Physical Stress
This type of stress can be caused by taking a test, fear, ending a friendship, anxiety,
searching for a job, financial challenges
Psychological
During this stage the hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system and adrenal glands
are activated to provide the primary short-term response to the stressor. Your body is in
fight or flight
Alarm or Stage 1
3|Page
, During this stage, when stress has lasted for more than a few hours, hormonal levels are
elevated to keep essential body systems fully operational. It is your body trying to
maintain homeostasis.
Resistance or Stage 2
During the initial stress response, _____ and ______ increase the reabsorption of water
and sodium to _____ blood pressure and _____ blood volume.
1. antidiuretic hormone/insulin/norepinephrine
2. aldosterone/cortisol/epinephrine
3. decrease/increase/maintain
4. complement/improve/increase
antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
increase
increase
When the body is unable to continue responding to the stressor or damage occurs due
to the increased demands, the final stage of the stress response is reached. It can last
several days or weeks. Resources are depleted. What stage is this? What are some
effects?
Exhaustion or Stage 3
Chronic illness, headaches, sleep loss, upset stomach, chest pains
This hormone affects your body by causing an Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
Epinephrine
This hormone affects your body by causing a Decreased anti-inflammatory response
and depressed immune response
Glucocorticoids
4|Page
Actual Correct Questions And Verified Detailed
Answers| Currently Testing Version | Already
Graded A+|Newest |2026 2027
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. What is the most likely type of cellular
adaptation in the client's heart muscle?
Atrophy
Anaplasia
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
*Hypertrophy, or enlargement of the cells without an increase in number, is caused
by overworking the tissue or hormonal secretions.
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. Which factor most likely contributed to
the cellular alteration?
Blood pressure
Older age
Gender
Osteoarthritis
Blood pressure
*The client’s high blood pressure, which has not been treated for the past 15 years,
has increased the work of the cardiac muscle, leading to hypertrophy.
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. Which method will most accurately
1|Page
,diagnose cellular adaptation, such as hypertrophy?
Blood test
Radiography
Microscopy
Direct observation
Microscopy
*Microscopy will most accurately diagnose altered cellular regulation.
An older adult has been living with chronic, untreated high blood pressure
(hypertension) and arthritis for the past 15 years. Which level of prevention could have
identified the main cause of this client's altered cellular regulation so changes could be
made to maintain health?
Tertiary
Primary
Secondary
Quaternary
Secondary
A woman who is planning to become pregnant is taking folic acid to support healthy
neurologic development of the fetus once she becomes pregnant. Which level of
prevention is she practicing?
Secondary
Primary
Tertiary
Primary
A person with cardiac disease who eats healthy food, takes medications as prescribed,
and attends cardiac rehabilitation is practicing which level of prevention?
2|Page
,Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
During the stress response, glucose levels in the body ____ due to the release of _____.
Increase, Cortisol
Which hormone is associated with stress?
Thymosin
Somatostatin
Glucocorticoids
Prolactin
Glucocorticoids
______ is a generalized or systemic response to a change or stressor
Stress
This type of stress can be caused by pain, exposure to heat or cold, an accident, a
surgical procedure, infections and illness
Physical Stress
This type of stress can be caused by taking a test, fear, ending a friendship, anxiety,
searching for a job, financial challenges
Psychological
During this stage the hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system and adrenal glands
are activated to provide the primary short-term response to the stressor. Your body is in
fight or flight
Alarm or Stage 1
3|Page
, During this stage, when stress has lasted for more than a few hours, hormonal levels are
elevated to keep essential body systems fully operational. It is your body trying to
maintain homeostasis.
Resistance or Stage 2
During the initial stress response, _____ and ______ increase the reabsorption of water
and sodium to _____ blood pressure and _____ blood volume.
1. antidiuretic hormone/insulin/norepinephrine
2. aldosterone/cortisol/epinephrine
3. decrease/increase/maintain
4. complement/improve/increase
antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
increase
increase
When the body is unable to continue responding to the stressor or damage occurs due
to the increased demands, the final stage of the stress response is reached. It can last
several days or weeks. Resources are depleted. What stage is this? What are some
effects?
Exhaustion or Stage 3
Chronic illness, headaches, sleep loss, upset stomach, chest pains
This hormone affects your body by causing an Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
Epinephrine
This hormone affects your body by causing a Decreased anti-inflammatory response
and depressed immune response
Glucocorticoids
4|Page
