NHA Module 1:
Foundational
Knowledge and
Basic Science Exam
Questions Verified
and Provided with
A+ Graded Answers|
Latest Updated
2026
,Scope of practice
A specific set of standards that a medical professional may perform within the limits of
the medical license, registration, and/or certification.
certification
Verification by an outside agency that an employer is following established guidelines
and standards of care and providing the highest quality of care for their patients.
Administrative Duties
Scheduling appointments
Patient registration & record updates
Insurance claims & patient payments
Clinical Duties
Collecting lab specimens & performing tests (EKG,
spirometry) Preparing rooms & patients for exams
Measuring vital signs & administering immunizations
,Evolving Role
Patient navigation & care coordination
Assisting with healthcare system
navigation Communicating with care teams
& specialists
Medical Assisting Scope of Practice
Duties based on training, education, & state regulations
MAs cannot practice medicine
Work under provider supervision
Titles and History
Evolved from administrative support in the 1950s
Formal training & certification developed over time
Certification often required for employment
Additional Medical Assisting Certifications
CMAA (Administrative Assistant)
CPT (Phlebotomy Technician)
CET (EKG Technician)
CBCS (Billing & Coding)
CEHRS (Electronic Health Records Specialist
Physicians (Doctor's)
Must be licensed in the state where they practice.
Education: 4 years undergraduate + 4 years medical/osteopathic school + 2-7 years
residency.
Must pass U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (Parts I, II, III).
Medical Doctor (MD)
Focus on allopathic medicine, diagnosis, treatment, surgery, and prescriptions.
, Doctor or Osteopathy (DO)
Similar to MDs but also use osteopathic manipulative therapy and a holistic approach.
Physician Assistant (PA)
Must work under an MD or DO.
Requires 4-year undergraduate degree + 2 years PA school.
Often specializes in a specific field (e.g., cardiology,
orthopedics).
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
Provides basic patient care, diagnoses, and
prescriptions. Requires advanced training beyond RN
degree.
Some states allow independent practice, while others require physician supervision.
Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN/LVN)
Requires one year of schooling + state exam. Limited scope—assists with vital signs,
some medications, wound care, and patient observation. Common in long-term care
settings.
Registered Nurse (RN)
Requires an associate, diploma, or bachelor's degree + state exam. Broader scope—can
work in clinical, public health, administrative, and educational roles.
Foundational
Knowledge and
Basic Science Exam
Questions Verified
and Provided with
A+ Graded Answers|
Latest Updated
2026
,Scope of practice
A specific set of standards that a medical professional may perform within the limits of
the medical license, registration, and/or certification.
certification
Verification by an outside agency that an employer is following established guidelines
and standards of care and providing the highest quality of care for their patients.
Administrative Duties
Scheduling appointments
Patient registration & record updates
Insurance claims & patient payments
Clinical Duties
Collecting lab specimens & performing tests (EKG,
spirometry) Preparing rooms & patients for exams
Measuring vital signs & administering immunizations
,Evolving Role
Patient navigation & care coordination
Assisting with healthcare system
navigation Communicating with care teams
& specialists
Medical Assisting Scope of Practice
Duties based on training, education, & state regulations
MAs cannot practice medicine
Work under provider supervision
Titles and History
Evolved from administrative support in the 1950s
Formal training & certification developed over time
Certification often required for employment
Additional Medical Assisting Certifications
CMAA (Administrative Assistant)
CPT (Phlebotomy Technician)
CET (EKG Technician)
CBCS (Billing & Coding)
CEHRS (Electronic Health Records Specialist
Physicians (Doctor's)
Must be licensed in the state where they practice.
Education: 4 years undergraduate + 4 years medical/osteopathic school + 2-7 years
residency.
Must pass U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (Parts I, II, III).
Medical Doctor (MD)
Focus on allopathic medicine, diagnosis, treatment, surgery, and prescriptions.
, Doctor or Osteopathy (DO)
Similar to MDs but also use osteopathic manipulative therapy and a holistic approach.
Physician Assistant (PA)
Must work under an MD or DO.
Requires 4-year undergraduate degree + 2 years PA school.
Often specializes in a specific field (e.g., cardiology,
orthopedics).
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
Provides basic patient care, diagnoses, and
prescriptions. Requires advanced training beyond RN
degree.
Some states allow independent practice, while others require physician supervision.
Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN/LVN)
Requires one year of schooling + state exam. Limited scope—assists with vital signs,
some medications, wound care, and patient observation. Common in long-term care
settings.
Registered Nurse (RN)
Requires an associate, diploma, or bachelor's degree + state exam. Broader scope—can
work in clinical, public health, administrative, and educational roles.
