BIOD 101 Module 4 | Essential Biology I w/Lab Exam Q&A |
Portage Learning
Here are 100 original NCLEX-style practice questions for BIOD 101 Module 4 | Essential
Biology I. These questions focus on the lymphatic system, immunity, microbiology
basics, infection control, hypersensitivity, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency,
and clinical prioritization.
Question 1:
A nurse is teaching about the body’s first line of defense. Which structure provides the
primary physical barrier against infection?
A. Lymph nodes
B. Intact skin
C. Spleen
D. Bone marrow
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Intact skin is the body’s primary physical barrier against microbial invasion. It is part of
innate, nonspecific immunity.
Question 2:
Which mechanism helps remove inhaled particles from the respiratory tract?
A. Gastric acid
B. Mucociliary escalator
C. Lysozyme in tears
D. Sebum production
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
The mucociliary escalator traps inhaled particles in mucus and moves them upward to
be swallowed or coughed out.
Question 3:
How does normal microbiota help protect the host?
A. By producing antibodies
B. By competing with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites
,C. By directly killing all viruses
D. By causing autoimmune disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Normal microbiota compete with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites and
produce substances that inhibit pathogen growth.
Question 4:
Which statement best describes innate immunity?
A. It is specific and has memory.
B. It is present at birth and is nonspecific.
C. It requires vaccination.
D. It is mediated only by B cells.
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Innate immunity is present at birth, provides immediate nonspecific protection, and
lacks memory.
Question 5:
Which statement best describes adaptive immunity?
A. It is nonspecific and immediate.
B. It is specific and has memory.
C. It does not involve lymphocytes.
D. It is the first line of defense.
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Adaptive immunity is specific to antigens and has memory, allowing faster and stronger
responses on re-exposure.
Question 6:
Which phagocytic cell is usually first to arrive at the site of acute infection?
A. Neutrophil
B. Macrophage
,C. Dendritic cell
D. B cell
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
Neutrophils are the first phagocytic cells to arrive during acute infection.
Question 7:
Which cell links innate and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells?
A. Neutrophil
B. Dendritic cell
C. Erythrocyte
D. Platelet
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Dendritic cells capture antigens, migrate to lymph nodes, and present antigens to T
cells, initiating adaptive immunity.
Question 8:
Which innate cell kills virus-infected and tumor cells without prior sensitization?
A. Natural killer cell
B. B cell
C. Plasma cell
D. Helper T cell
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells without prior antigen
exposure.
Question 9:
Which substance helps neighboring cells resist viral infection?
A. Histamine
B. Interferon
C. Lysozyme
D. Complement
, Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Interferons are antiviral proteins produced by virus-infected cells that induce antiviral
defenses in neighboring cells.
Question 10:
Which function is associated with complement proteins?
A. Antibody production
B. Opsonization and cell lysis
C. Memory cell formation
D. Antigen presentation
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Complement proteins enhance phagocytosis, promote inflammation, and form
membrane attack complexes that lyse cells.
Question 11:
A client has a fever of 102°F. Which substance most likely triggered the fever?
A. Histamine
B. Interleukin-1
C. IgE
D. Complement C3b
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Interleukin-1 is an endogenous pyrogen that acts on the hypothalamus to raise body
temperature.
Question 12:
Which cardinal sign of inflammation is caused by vasodilation?
A. Redness and warmth
B. Pallor and coolness
C. Bradycardia
D. Constricted pupils
Correct answer: A
Portage Learning
Here are 100 original NCLEX-style practice questions for BIOD 101 Module 4 | Essential
Biology I. These questions focus on the lymphatic system, immunity, microbiology
basics, infection control, hypersensitivity, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency,
and clinical prioritization.
Question 1:
A nurse is teaching about the body’s first line of defense. Which structure provides the
primary physical barrier against infection?
A. Lymph nodes
B. Intact skin
C. Spleen
D. Bone marrow
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Intact skin is the body’s primary physical barrier against microbial invasion. It is part of
innate, nonspecific immunity.
Question 2:
Which mechanism helps remove inhaled particles from the respiratory tract?
A. Gastric acid
B. Mucociliary escalator
C. Lysozyme in tears
D. Sebum production
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
The mucociliary escalator traps inhaled particles in mucus and moves them upward to
be swallowed or coughed out.
Question 3:
How does normal microbiota help protect the host?
A. By producing antibodies
B. By competing with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites
,C. By directly killing all viruses
D. By causing autoimmune disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Normal microbiota compete with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites and
produce substances that inhibit pathogen growth.
Question 4:
Which statement best describes innate immunity?
A. It is specific and has memory.
B. It is present at birth and is nonspecific.
C. It requires vaccination.
D. It is mediated only by B cells.
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Innate immunity is present at birth, provides immediate nonspecific protection, and
lacks memory.
Question 5:
Which statement best describes adaptive immunity?
A. It is nonspecific and immediate.
B. It is specific and has memory.
C. It does not involve lymphocytes.
D. It is the first line of defense.
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Adaptive immunity is specific to antigens and has memory, allowing faster and stronger
responses on re-exposure.
Question 6:
Which phagocytic cell is usually first to arrive at the site of acute infection?
A. Neutrophil
B. Macrophage
,C. Dendritic cell
D. B cell
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
Neutrophils are the first phagocytic cells to arrive during acute infection.
Question 7:
Which cell links innate and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells?
A. Neutrophil
B. Dendritic cell
C. Erythrocyte
D. Platelet
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Dendritic cells capture antigens, migrate to lymph nodes, and present antigens to T
cells, initiating adaptive immunity.
Question 8:
Which innate cell kills virus-infected and tumor cells without prior sensitization?
A. Natural killer cell
B. B cell
C. Plasma cell
D. Helper T cell
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells without prior antigen
exposure.
Question 9:
Which substance helps neighboring cells resist viral infection?
A. Histamine
B. Interferon
C. Lysozyme
D. Complement
, Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Interferons are antiviral proteins produced by virus-infected cells that induce antiviral
defenses in neighboring cells.
Question 10:
Which function is associated with complement proteins?
A. Antibody production
B. Opsonization and cell lysis
C. Memory cell formation
D. Antigen presentation
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Complement proteins enhance phagocytosis, promote inflammation, and form
membrane attack complexes that lyse cells.
Question 11:
A client has a fever of 102°F. Which substance most likely triggered the fever?
A. Histamine
B. Interleukin-1
C. IgE
D. Complement C3b
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
Interleukin-1 is an endogenous pyrogen that acts on the hypothalamus to raise body
temperature.
Question 12:
Which cardinal sign of inflammation is caused by vasodilation?
A. Redness and warmth
B. Pallor and coolness
C. Bradycardia
D. Constricted pupils
Correct answer: A
