,Germanna NSG 100 Final Exam | Introduction
to Nursing Concepts (2026) Q&A
1. The nurse is reviewing the steps of the nursing process. Which phase involves
the systematic collection of data?
A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Evaluation
D) Diagnosis
Correct Answer: Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves the
systematic collection of subjective and objective data. Planning, evaluation, and
diagnosis occur after data collection. This phase establishes the foundation for all
subsequent steps of the nursing process.
2. During which phase of the nursing process are patient goals evaluated?
A) To collect subjective and objective data
B) To determine whether patient goals have been met
C) To identify actual or potential health problems
D) To select interventions to achieve patient goals
Correct Answer: To determine whether patient goals have been met
,Rationale: The evaluation phase determines whether the patient has achieved
expected outcomes and goals. Data collection occurs during assessment, problem
identification during diagnosis, and intervention selection during planning.
Evaluation is the final step that closes the loop of the nursing process.
3. Which finding is an example of objective data?
A) "I feel nauseous."
B) "My head hurts."
C) Blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg
D) "I am worried about my surgery."
Correct Answer: Blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg
Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable findings such as vital
signs. Subjective data are what the patient reports, including nausea, pain, and
worry. Both types of data are essential for a comprehensive assessment and
clinical decision-making.
4. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following should the
nurse prioritize first?
A) Self-esteem needs
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Physiological needs
Correct Answer: Physiological needs
, Rationale: Maslow's Hierarchy places physiological needs such as oxygen, water,
and food at the base. These must be met before higher-level needs. Safety, love,
esteem, and self-actualization follow in ascending order. This framework guides
nursing prioritization in clinical practice.
5. Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to "do no harm"?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Beneficence
Correct Answer: Nonmaleficence
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the ethical duty to avoid causing harm to patients.
Autonomy respects self-determination, justice ensures fairness in resource
allocation, and beneficence promotes good. Nonmaleficence underpins safe
nursing practice and error prevention.
6. The nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion due to
religious beliefs. Which action should the nurse take?
A) Administer the transfusion to save the patient's life
B) Respect the patient's decision and document the refusal
C) Ask the family to convince the patient
D) Notify the ethics committee immediately
Correct Answer: Respect the patient's decision and document the refusal
to Nursing Concepts (2026) Q&A
1. The nurse is reviewing the steps of the nursing process. Which phase involves
the systematic collection of data?
A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Evaluation
D) Diagnosis
Correct Answer: Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and involves the
systematic collection of subjective and objective data. Planning, evaluation, and
diagnosis occur after data collection. This phase establishes the foundation for all
subsequent steps of the nursing process.
2. During which phase of the nursing process are patient goals evaluated?
A) To collect subjective and objective data
B) To determine whether patient goals have been met
C) To identify actual or potential health problems
D) To select interventions to achieve patient goals
Correct Answer: To determine whether patient goals have been met
,Rationale: The evaluation phase determines whether the patient has achieved
expected outcomes and goals. Data collection occurs during assessment, problem
identification during diagnosis, and intervention selection during planning.
Evaluation is the final step that closes the loop of the nursing process.
3. Which finding is an example of objective data?
A) "I feel nauseous."
B) "My head hurts."
C) Blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg
D) "I am worried about my surgery."
Correct Answer: Blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg
Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable findings such as vital
signs. Subjective data are what the patient reports, including nausea, pain, and
worry. Both types of data are essential for a comprehensive assessment and
clinical decision-making.
4. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following should the
nurse prioritize first?
A) Self-esteem needs
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Physiological needs
Correct Answer: Physiological needs
, Rationale: Maslow's Hierarchy places physiological needs such as oxygen, water,
and food at the base. These must be met before higher-level needs. Safety, love,
esteem, and self-actualization follow in ascending order. This framework guides
nursing prioritization in clinical practice.
5. Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to "do no harm"?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Beneficence
Correct Answer: Nonmaleficence
Rationale: Nonmaleficence is the ethical duty to avoid causing harm to patients.
Autonomy respects self-determination, justice ensures fairness in resource
allocation, and beneficence promotes good. Nonmaleficence underpins safe
nursing practice and error prevention.
6. The nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion due to
religious beliefs. Which action should the nurse take?
A) Administer the transfusion to save the patient's life
B) Respect the patient's decision and document the refusal
C) Ask the family to convince the patient
D) Notify the ethics committee immediately
Correct Answer: Respect the patient's decision and document the refusal
