EDUC 703 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
agnosticism - Answers - (philosophical term) the view that the existence of God, of the
divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. Another definition provided is the
view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify
either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist."
deism - Answers - (philosophical term) belief in the existence of a supreme being,
specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe. The term is used chiefly
of an intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that accepted the existence
of a creator on the basis of reason but rejected belief in a supernatural deity who
interacts with humankind.
dialectic - Answers - (philosophical term) the art of investigating or discussing the truth
of opinions.
dichotomy - Answers - (philosophical term) a division or contrast between two things
that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
eclecticism - Answers - (philosophical term) the theories or methods of the ancient
Eclectic philosophers, who did not belong to or found any recognized school of thought
but selected doctrines from various schools of thought.
epistemology - Answers - (philosophical term) the theory of knowledge, especially with
regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what
distinguishes justified belief from opinion. Questions relating to the nature of truth and
how it is acquired.
faith - Answers - (philosophical term) complete trust or confidence in someone or
something. strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual
apprehension rather than proof.
logocentrism - Answers - (philosophical term) a term coined by the German philosopher
Ludwig Klages in the early 1900s. It refers to the tradition of Western science and
philosophy that regards words and language as a fundamental expression of an
external reality. Knowledge deriving from written or spoken words rather than from
images
materialism - Answers - (philosophical term) the doctrine that nothing exists except
matter and its movements and modifications. a tendency to consider material
possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values.
ontology - Answers - (philosophical term) the branch of philosophy that studies concepts
such as existence, being, becoming, and reality. It includes the questions of how entities
, are grouped into basic categories and which of these entities exist on the most
fundamental level.
pantheism - Answers - (philosophical term) Pantheism is the belief that reality is
identical with divinity, or that all-things compose an all-encompassing, immanent god.
reason - Answers - (philosophical term) in philosophy, the faculty or process of drawing
logical inferences. ... Reason is in opposition to sensation, perception, feeling, desire,
as the faculty (the existence of which is denied by empiricists) by which fundamental
truths are intuitively apprehended.
teleology - Answers - (philosophical term) the explanation of phenomena in terms of the
purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise. Teleology or finality is
a reason or explanation for something as a function of its end, purpose, or goal, as
opposed to as a function of, say, its cause. A purpose that is imposed by a human use,
such as that of a fork, is called extrinsic.
behaviorism - Answers - (more of a method than a theory; leans toward transmission).
B.F. Skinner's behavior modification. We usually pair this as a tool to use with
"essentialism"
critical pedagogy - Answers - (theory that leans more toward transformation) Paulo
Freire, a social activist, educator, and philosopher. Freire contributed a philosophy of
education which blended classical approaches stemming from Plato and modern
Marxist, post-Marxist, and anti-colonialist thinkers. His Pedagogy of the Oppressed
(1968) can be read as an extension of, or reply to, Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the
Earth (1961), which emphasized the need to provide native populations with an
education which was simultaneously new and modern, rather than traditional, and anti-
colonial - not simply an extension of the colonizing culture. Freire considered the
contemporaneous Chinese Cultural Revolution an exemplar of his notion of cultural
action and praised Mao Zedong's innovations to Marxist theory and praxis. These
carried the baton from Friere: Peter McLaren, Henry Giroux, Bell Hooks (Gloria
Watkins) by being social activists. They're different from the original progressives, the
resconstructionists, in that they've brought in more of the Marxist element (this idea that
the main form of education is to identify oppression and fight it; to stand against it in
solidarity with those who are oppressed either by poverty or by being marginalized; they
believe that educators need to take a stand in that).
essentialism - Answers - (theory that leans more toward transmission) about facts,
knowledge, and skills
existentialism - Answers - (philosophies/theories) a form of philosophical inquiry that
explores the problem of human existence and centers on the lived experience of the
thinking, feeling, acting individual.
agnosticism - Answers - (philosophical term) the view that the existence of God, of the
divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. Another definition provided is the
view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify
either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist."
deism - Answers - (philosophical term) belief in the existence of a supreme being,
specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe. The term is used chiefly
of an intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that accepted the existence
of a creator on the basis of reason but rejected belief in a supernatural deity who
interacts with humankind.
dialectic - Answers - (philosophical term) the art of investigating or discussing the truth
of opinions.
dichotomy - Answers - (philosophical term) a division or contrast between two things
that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
eclecticism - Answers - (philosophical term) the theories or methods of the ancient
Eclectic philosophers, who did not belong to or found any recognized school of thought
but selected doctrines from various schools of thought.
epistemology - Answers - (philosophical term) the theory of knowledge, especially with
regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what
distinguishes justified belief from opinion. Questions relating to the nature of truth and
how it is acquired.
faith - Answers - (philosophical term) complete trust or confidence in someone or
something. strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual
apprehension rather than proof.
logocentrism - Answers - (philosophical term) a term coined by the German philosopher
Ludwig Klages in the early 1900s. It refers to the tradition of Western science and
philosophy that regards words and language as a fundamental expression of an
external reality. Knowledge deriving from written or spoken words rather than from
images
materialism - Answers - (philosophical term) the doctrine that nothing exists except
matter and its movements and modifications. a tendency to consider material
possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values.
ontology - Answers - (philosophical term) the branch of philosophy that studies concepts
such as existence, being, becoming, and reality. It includes the questions of how entities
, are grouped into basic categories and which of these entities exist on the most
fundamental level.
pantheism - Answers - (philosophical term) Pantheism is the belief that reality is
identical with divinity, or that all-things compose an all-encompassing, immanent god.
reason - Answers - (philosophical term) in philosophy, the faculty or process of drawing
logical inferences. ... Reason is in opposition to sensation, perception, feeling, desire,
as the faculty (the existence of which is denied by empiricists) by which fundamental
truths are intuitively apprehended.
teleology - Answers - (philosophical term) the explanation of phenomena in terms of the
purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise. Teleology or finality is
a reason or explanation for something as a function of its end, purpose, or goal, as
opposed to as a function of, say, its cause. A purpose that is imposed by a human use,
such as that of a fork, is called extrinsic.
behaviorism - Answers - (more of a method than a theory; leans toward transmission).
B.F. Skinner's behavior modification. We usually pair this as a tool to use with
"essentialism"
critical pedagogy - Answers - (theory that leans more toward transformation) Paulo
Freire, a social activist, educator, and philosopher. Freire contributed a philosophy of
education which blended classical approaches stemming from Plato and modern
Marxist, post-Marxist, and anti-colonialist thinkers. His Pedagogy of the Oppressed
(1968) can be read as an extension of, or reply to, Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the
Earth (1961), which emphasized the need to provide native populations with an
education which was simultaneously new and modern, rather than traditional, and anti-
colonial - not simply an extension of the colonizing culture. Freire considered the
contemporaneous Chinese Cultural Revolution an exemplar of his notion of cultural
action and praised Mao Zedong's innovations to Marxist theory and praxis. These
carried the baton from Friere: Peter McLaren, Henry Giroux, Bell Hooks (Gloria
Watkins) by being social activists. They're different from the original progressives, the
resconstructionists, in that they've brought in more of the Marxist element (this idea that
the main form of education is to identify oppression and fight it; to stand against it in
solidarity with those who are oppressed either by poverty or by being marginalized; they
believe that educators need to take a stand in that).
essentialism - Answers - (theory that leans more toward transmission) about facts,
knowledge, and skills
existentialism - Answers - (philosophies/theories) a form of philosophical inquiry that
explores the problem of human existence and centers on the lived experience of the
thinking, feeling, acting individual.
