NUR 108 FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
FALL 2026/2027
What pt. population is it most important that the nurse conduct a thorough assessment for abuse and
neglect? - Ans✅✅✅ Children, elderly and mentally ill. These categories are the most vulnerable due
to cognitive levels, fear and mental status.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (2008) - Ans✅✅✅ Provides protection against discrimination of
individuals with disabilities.
*Employers must provide reasonable accommodations in the workplace for those with disabilities to
successfully perform their job duties.
Americans with Disabilities Act (cont) - Ans✅✅✅ Individuals have a disability if they meet criteria
involving limitations in mobility/ambulation, hearing, vision, learning, cognitive, self-care, or
independent living, to name a few. Mobility is the common type of disability, followed by cognitive
disorders.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Ans✅✅✅ (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security,
(level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Caregiver role strain - Ans✅✅✅ Difficulty in performing responsibilities, expectations and/or care
behaviors for family or significant others.
Caregivers may exhibit emotional distress, including depressive symptoms and apathy.
Impaired verbal communication - Ans✅✅✅ Limited and/or no form of verbal communication.
NIC standard interventions are Active listening, Assertiveness Training, Communication Enhancement
(Hearing or Visual Deficit), Presence, and Touch.
May lead to other Nursing Dx ie Anxiety, chronic low self-esteem, and low social interactions.
Defensive Coping - Ans✅✅✅ coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true
nature of a situation.
, Example: Denial such as refusing the reality of a dx.
Dysfunctional family processes - Ans✅✅✅ Psychosocial, spiritual, and physiological functions of the
family unit are chronically disorganized, which leads to conflict, denial or problems, resistance to
change, and ineffective problem-solving, and a series of self perpetuating crises
Examples of stressors: Poverty, substance abuse, homelessness ect
Prejudice - Ans✅✅✅ refers to negative attitudes toward other people based on faulty and rigid
stereotypes about race, gender, sexual orientation, and so on
Ethnocentrism - Ans✅✅✅ is the tendency to think that your own group (cultural, professional,
ethnic, or social) is superior to others and to view behaviors and beliefs that differ greatly from your
own as somehow wrong, strange, or unenlightened. The tendency to ethnocentrism exists in all groups,
not just in the dominant culture
Racism - Ans✅✅✅ a form of prejudice and discrimination based on the belief that race is the
principal determining factor of human traits and capabilities and that racial differences produce an
inherent superiority (or inferiority). The word race evokes powerful emotional responses for people who
feel that they or their ancestors have been oppressed or exploited, and equally for those who deny such
a responsibility.
Chauvinism - Ans✅✅✅ displaying excessive or prejudiced support for their own cause or group, in
particular a man prejudiced against women.
Understanding Multiculturalism - Ans✅✅✅ You need a good understanding of culture and ethnicity,
not only for providing direct care, but also for teaching, supervising, and role-modeling culturally
competent care for other care providers.
Culture is universal and dynamic. It changes as a person adapts.
Strategies used to develop skills in achieving cultural competence - Ans✅✅✅ Learn About Your
Culture and Biases.
Actively Listen.
Show Interest Through Participation.
Seek Out Cultural Knowledge through self research.
FALL 2026/2027
What pt. population is it most important that the nurse conduct a thorough assessment for abuse and
neglect? - Ans✅✅✅ Children, elderly and mentally ill. These categories are the most vulnerable due
to cognitive levels, fear and mental status.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (2008) - Ans✅✅✅ Provides protection against discrimination of
individuals with disabilities.
*Employers must provide reasonable accommodations in the workplace for those with disabilities to
successfully perform their job duties.
Americans with Disabilities Act (cont) - Ans✅✅✅ Individuals have a disability if they meet criteria
involving limitations in mobility/ambulation, hearing, vision, learning, cognitive, self-care, or
independent living, to name a few. Mobility is the common type of disability, followed by cognitive
disorders.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Ans✅✅✅ (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security,
(level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Caregiver role strain - Ans✅✅✅ Difficulty in performing responsibilities, expectations and/or care
behaviors for family or significant others.
Caregivers may exhibit emotional distress, including depressive symptoms and apathy.
Impaired verbal communication - Ans✅✅✅ Limited and/or no form of verbal communication.
NIC standard interventions are Active listening, Assertiveness Training, Communication Enhancement
(Hearing or Visual Deficit), Presence, and Touch.
May lead to other Nursing Dx ie Anxiety, chronic low self-esteem, and low social interactions.
Defensive Coping - Ans✅✅✅ coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true
nature of a situation.
, Example: Denial such as refusing the reality of a dx.
Dysfunctional family processes - Ans✅✅✅ Psychosocial, spiritual, and physiological functions of the
family unit are chronically disorganized, which leads to conflict, denial or problems, resistance to
change, and ineffective problem-solving, and a series of self perpetuating crises
Examples of stressors: Poverty, substance abuse, homelessness ect
Prejudice - Ans✅✅✅ refers to negative attitudes toward other people based on faulty and rigid
stereotypes about race, gender, sexual orientation, and so on
Ethnocentrism - Ans✅✅✅ is the tendency to think that your own group (cultural, professional,
ethnic, or social) is superior to others and to view behaviors and beliefs that differ greatly from your
own as somehow wrong, strange, or unenlightened. The tendency to ethnocentrism exists in all groups,
not just in the dominant culture
Racism - Ans✅✅✅ a form of prejudice and discrimination based on the belief that race is the
principal determining factor of human traits and capabilities and that racial differences produce an
inherent superiority (or inferiority). The word race evokes powerful emotional responses for people who
feel that they or their ancestors have been oppressed or exploited, and equally for those who deny such
a responsibility.
Chauvinism - Ans✅✅✅ displaying excessive or prejudiced support for their own cause or group, in
particular a man prejudiced against women.
Understanding Multiculturalism - Ans✅✅✅ You need a good understanding of culture and ethnicity,
not only for providing direct care, but also for teaching, supervising, and role-modeling culturally
competent care for other care providers.
Culture is universal and dynamic. It changes as a person adapts.
Strategies used to develop skills in achieving cultural competence - Ans✅✅✅ Learn About Your
Culture and Biases.
Actively Listen.
Show Interest Through Participation.
Seek Out Cultural Knowledge through self research.
