Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Friday 9 January 2026
Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper
WHI01/1A
Mark Scheme (Results)
reference
History
International Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
Option 1A: France in Revolution, 1774–99
You do not need any other materials. Total Marks
January 2026
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer TWO questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need. Pearson Edexcel International
Information
Advanced Level in History (WHI01/1B)
•• The total mark for this paper is 50.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. PAPER 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
Advice
Option 1A: France in Revolution, 1774–99
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78958APearson Education Ltd.
C:1/1/1/
*P78958A0124*
, Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications
Answer TWO questions from the following.
You must start your answer to your first question on page 3.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
You must start your answer to your second question on page 13. Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s
largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications
EITHER
including academic, vocational, occupational and specific
1 Historians have different explanations for the problems in the French economy in the programmes for employers. For further information visit our
years 1774–89. qualifications websites at or .
‘The taxation system was the main reason why there were severe economic problems Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our
in France in the years 1774–89.’ contact us page at
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 1 = 25 marks)
OR
Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere
2 Historians differ in their judgements about the achievements of the
National Assembly in the years 1789–91.
Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
‘In the years 1789–91, the main achievement of the National Assembly was reform of progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds
the Church.’ of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue. years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international
reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through
(Total for Question 2 = 25 marks) innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
OR
3 Historians differ in their judgements about the consequences, in the years 1793–94,
of The Terror in France.
‘In the years 1793–94, the main consequence of The Terror was that it ensured that
opposition to the revolutionary government was reduced.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 3 = 25 marks)
OR
January 2026
4 Historians differ in their judgements about the rule of the Directory in France in the Question Paper Log Number P78959A
years 1795–99. Publication Code WHI01_1B_2601_MS
All the material in this publication is
‘In the years 1795–99, the rule of the Directory in France was unsuccessful.’ Pearson Education Ltd
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 4 = 25 marks)
2
*P78958A0224*
, General Marking Guidance
Put a cross in the box indicating the FIRST question you have chosen to answer. If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross . • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Chosen question number: Question 1 Question 2 • Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what
Question 3 Question 4 they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
(This page is for your first answer). . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used
appropriately.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an
alternative response.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
3
*P78958A0324* Turn over
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Friday 9 January 2026
Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper
WHI01/1A
Mark Scheme (Results)
reference
History
International Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
Option 1A: France in Revolution, 1774–99
You do not need any other materials. Total Marks
January 2026
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer TWO questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need. Pearson Edexcel International
Information
Advanced Level in History (WHI01/1B)
•• The total mark for this paper is 50.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. PAPER 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
Advice
Option 1A: France in Revolution, 1774–99
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P78958APearson Education Ltd.
C:1/1/1/
*P78958A0124*
, Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications
Answer TWO questions from the following.
You must start your answer to your first question on page 3.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
You must start your answer to your second question on page 13. Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s
largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications
EITHER
including academic, vocational, occupational and specific
1 Historians have different explanations for the problems in the French economy in the programmes for employers. For further information visit our
years 1774–89. qualifications websites at or .
‘The taxation system was the main reason why there were severe economic problems Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our
in France in the years 1774–89.’ contact us page at
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 1 = 25 marks)
OR
Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere
2 Historians differ in their judgements about the achievements of the
National Assembly in the years 1789–91.
Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
‘In the years 1789–91, the main achievement of the National Assembly was reform of progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds
the Church.’ of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue. years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international
reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through
(Total for Question 2 = 25 marks) innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
OR
3 Historians differ in their judgements about the consequences, in the years 1793–94,
of The Terror in France.
‘In the years 1793–94, the main consequence of The Terror was that it ensured that
opposition to the revolutionary government was reduced.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 3 = 25 marks)
OR
January 2026
4 Historians differ in their judgements about the rule of the Directory in France in the Question Paper Log Number P78959A
years 1795–99. Publication Code WHI01_1B_2601_MS
All the material in this publication is
‘In the years 1795–99, the rule of the Directory in France was unsuccessful.’ Pearson Education Ltd
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 4 = 25 marks)
2
*P78958A0224*
, General Marking Guidance
Put a cross in the box indicating the FIRST question you have chosen to answer. If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross . • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Chosen question number: Question 1 Question 2 • Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what
Question 3 Question 4 they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
(This page is for your first answer). . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used
appropriately.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an
alternative response.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
3
*P78958A0324* Turn over
