NUR 288 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE AND PRACTICE
QUESTIONS 2026/2027
1 of 114
Definition
- treat the underlying cause
- deliver oxygen to the tissues (give oxygen)
- promote utilization of oxygen by the tissues (tissue
perfusion)
- medications as ordered, depending on the shock type
Cardiogenic: diuretics, sodium bicarb, antidysrhythmic,
cardiac glycosides, vasodilators (nitrate), inotropes
(dopamine/digoxin). Fluid cautiously to avoid overload.
Distributive (Vasogenic Shock): IV fluids (NS/LR for
hypovolemic shock), colloid products if hemorrhaging,
vasoconstricting meds to increase PVR and restore
perfusion.
Septic shock: antibiotics, IV fluids
Neurogenic Shock: IV fluids, corticosteroids to help with
inflammation, and vasoconstrictors like Epi/NE.
,Anaphylactic Shock: corticosteroids to help with
inflammation, albuterol, and vasoconstrictors like Epi/NE.
Give this one a try later!
ACE Inhibitors Treatment of Shock
Septic Shock Nitrates
Don't know?
2 of 114
Definition
measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular
contents ejected with each contraction
EJ = SV / End diastolic volume
<40% = Heart Failure
50% - 70% is normal
Give this one a try later!
End Diastolic Volume Heart Rate
Ejection Fraction Stroke Volume
Don't know?
, 3 of 114
Definition
> shock resulting from blood or fluid loss of at least 15-30%
>Manifestations are severe 3rd spacing, increased HR,
decreased BP, confusion
> Decrease in venous return to the heart, so there’s
decrease in SV, CO, BP
> looking at MAP and BP and volume loss are the ways to
evaluate hypovolemic shock
Can be caused by hemorrhage after a trauma or surgery,
diarrhea/emesis, dehydration, DKA
Give this one a try later!
Vasogenic Shock Cardiogenic Shock
Hypovolemic Shock Septic Shock
Don't know?
4 of 114
Definition
, sudden change in heart's ability to contract; causes life-
threatening symptoms and pulmonary edema
Give this one a try later!
acute heart failure systolic heart failure
chronic heart failure diastolic heart failure
Don't know?
5 of 114
Definition
Early: no visible change
Progressive: slightly higher BP, slowly increasing HR (<100 but >90),
sinus tachycardia, thready pulse
Late: MAP<60, steadily decreasing BP, steadily decreasing CO,
imperceptible pulses.
*note that we don't use BP to identify septic shock, but it might be one
of the symptoms.
Give this one a try later!
Cardiovascular Manifestations
Respiratory Manifestations of Shock
of Shock
QUESTIONS 2026/2027
1 of 114
Definition
- treat the underlying cause
- deliver oxygen to the tissues (give oxygen)
- promote utilization of oxygen by the tissues (tissue
perfusion)
- medications as ordered, depending on the shock type
Cardiogenic: diuretics, sodium bicarb, antidysrhythmic,
cardiac glycosides, vasodilators (nitrate), inotropes
(dopamine/digoxin). Fluid cautiously to avoid overload.
Distributive (Vasogenic Shock): IV fluids (NS/LR for
hypovolemic shock), colloid products if hemorrhaging,
vasoconstricting meds to increase PVR and restore
perfusion.
Septic shock: antibiotics, IV fluids
Neurogenic Shock: IV fluids, corticosteroids to help with
inflammation, and vasoconstrictors like Epi/NE.
,Anaphylactic Shock: corticosteroids to help with
inflammation, albuterol, and vasoconstrictors like Epi/NE.
Give this one a try later!
ACE Inhibitors Treatment of Shock
Septic Shock Nitrates
Don't know?
2 of 114
Definition
measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular
contents ejected with each contraction
EJ = SV / End diastolic volume
<40% = Heart Failure
50% - 70% is normal
Give this one a try later!
End Diastolic Volume Heart Rate
Ejection Fraction Stroke Volume
Don't know?
, 3 of 114
Definition
> shock resulting from blood or fluid loss of at least 15-30%
>Manifestations are severe 3rd spacing, increased HR,
decreased BP, confusion
> Decrease in venous return to the heart, so there’s
decrease in SV, CO, BP
> looking at MAP and BP and volume loss are the ways to
evaluate hypovolemic shock
Can be caused by hemorrhage after a trauma or surgery,
diarrhea/emesis, dehydration, DKA
Give this one a try later!
Vasogenic Shock Cardiogenic Shock
Hypovolemic Shock Septic Shock
Don't know?
4 of 114
Definition
, sudden change in heart's ability to contract; causes life-
threatening symptoms and pulmonary edema
Give this one a try later!
acute heart failure systolic heart failure
chronic heart failure diastolic heart failure
Don't know?
5 of 114
Definition
Early: no visible change
Progressive: slightly higher BP, slowly increasing HR (<100 but >90),
sinus tachycardia, thready pulse
Late: MAP<60, steadily decreasing BP, steadily decreasing CO,
imperceptible pulses.
*note that we don't use BP to identify septic shock, but it might be one
of the symptoms.
Give this one a try later!
Cardiovascular Manifestations
Respiratory Manifestations of Shock
of Shock
