NR293- Pharmacology- Week 1/Unit 1- Nursing Application:
Introduction to Pharmacology | UPDATED Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Chamberlain University-Illinois • NR 293
Q1: A nurse reviewing a medication list sees that a client is on albuterol (beta-agonist) for asthma, and on
propranolol (beta- antagonist) for migraines. The nurse understands which of the following? These
medications oppose each other. These medications work synergistically. These medications have an
additive effect. These medications should work well together.
A: These medications oppose each other. Because these medications both work on the beta receptor, one being an
agonist (turns the receptor on) and the other an antagonist (blocks the receptor), they oppose each other. An additive
effect is when two similar drugs are taken together to achieve the same degree of therapeutic effect while reducing
the specific adverse effects of one particular drug; this is not the effect with these medications which oppose each
other. The medications do not work well together. They oppose each other, so they do not work synergistically.
Q2: The nurse medicated a client with morphine 4 mg intravenously (IV) about four hours ago.
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of this medication, including a half-life of 3 hours, which statement is
accurate? Morphine does not work for pain. The morphine should last about 15 hours, which means that the
client is not going to need another dose for a while. The morphine stopped working an hour ago and,
because of its half-life, the client should have gotten more pain medication at that time. It may be about time
for another dose of the medication, but the client should still be experiencing some relief.
A: It may be about time for another dose of the medication, but the client should still be experiencing some relief. The
half-life of morphine is about 3 hours. This means that half of it has been metabolized, but there still should be some
pain relief noted. It is, however, about time for another dose depending on the client’s level of pain. The morphine did
not stop working an hour ago; it will continue to work for approximately 6 hours, although at a lower rate. The
morphine does not last 15 hours and morphine does work for pain.
Q3: The nurse is administering medication to an older adult client. The nurse understands that age-related
changes can affect pharmacokinetics. Which statements are accurate about medication and older adults?
Select all that apply. Excretion is decreased due to fewer intact nephrons. Metabolism is decreased due to
more hepatic blood flow. Decreased lean body mass creates an increase in distribution. Absorption is
affected by decreased gastric pH. Distribution is increased because of a decrease in percentage of total body
water.
A: Excretion is decreased due to fewer intact nephrons. Absorption is affected by decreased gastric pH. Fewer
nephrons cause a decrease in excretion. Absorption is affected by a decrease in gastric pH. Metabolism is decreased
due to less hepatic blood flow. A decrease in lean body mass and total body water causes a decrease in distribution.
, Q4: Nursing Assessment in Pharmacology
A: Key Factors: -Noticing allergies, medications, age, diagnosis, and the client’s situation to identify patterns that may
require clinical decisions. Medication Routes: -Intravenous (IV): --Advantages: complete absorption, 100%
bioavailability, precise control of dosing, quick dilution of irritating drugs -Disadvantages: irreversible administration;
drug concentration, formulation, and rate of injection sensitivity; risks of overloading body fluid volume, infection, and
embolism -Intramuscular (IM): ---Advantages: the route for poorly water-soluble drugs, the route for depot drug
formulation (e.g., penicillin G) ---Disadvantages: discomfort and inconvenience, local tissue injury caused by chronic
administration, risk of nerve damage because of improper injection, moderate-to-low bioavailability -Transdermal:
---Advantages: good control of drug release (e.g., nitroglycerin and contraceptive hormones), convenient to use (e.g.,
patch and ointment) ---Disadvantages: potential skin irritation. -Subcutaneous (Subq): ---Advantages: the route for
poorly water-soluble drugs, the route for depot drug formulation (e.g., penicillin G) ---Disadvantages: Local tissue
injury, nerve damage risk. -Oral: ---Advantages: Convenient, safer. ---Disadvantages: discomfort and inconvenience,
local tissue injury caused by chronic administration, risk of nerve damage because of improper injection,
moderate-to-low bioavailability
Q5: Charlie (pronouns: he/him/his) is a 56-year-old father of two children who is married to his high school
sweetheart, Betty (pronouns: she/her/hers). He drives a truck for a large company doing cross-country trips
and often eats at fast food restaurants. Charlie recently went to see his primary healthcare provider for
bilateral foot itching. He was diagnosed with onychomycosis and prescribed itraconazole 200 mg daily.
Which of the medications Charlie takes show at least one interaction with another of his medication? See
image and use the Medicine.com Drug Interaction Checker
A: Itraconazole (Sporanox) 200mg one daily Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg one daily Aspirin 325mg one daily Calcium
Carbonate 400mg 4 tablets every 8 hours as needed Every medication except for pravastatin has a potential drug
interaction with one or more of the medications that the client is taking. Unlike other ‘statin’ medications, pravastatin
is metabolized mainly through the kidneys, avoiding the cytochrome p450 pathway that so many other medications
use.
Introduction to Pharmacology | UPDATED Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Chamberlain University-Illinois • NR 293
Q1: A nurse reviewing a medication list sees that a client is on albuterol (beta-agonist) for asthma, and on
propranolol (beta- antagonist) for migraines. The nurse understands which of the following? These
medications oppose each other. These medications work synergistically. These medications have an
additive effect. These medications should work well together.
A: These medications oppose each other. Because these medications both work on the beta receptor, one being an
agonist (turns the receptor on) and the other an antagonist (blocks the receptor), they oppose each other. An additive
effect is when two similar drugs are taken together to achieve the same degree of therapeutic effect while reducing
the specific adverse effects of one particular drug; this is not the effect with these medications which oppose each
other. The medications do not work well together. They oppose each other, so they do not work synergistically.
Q2: The nurse medicated a client with morphine 4 mg intravenously (IV) about four hours ago.
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of this medication, including a half-life of 3 hours, which statement is
accurate? Morphine does not work for pain. The morphine should last about 15 hours, which means that the
client is not going to need another dose for a while. The morphine stopped working an hour ago and,
because of its half-life, the client should have gotten more pain medication at that time. It may be about time
for another dose of the medication, but the client should still be experiencing some relief.
A: It may be about time for another dose of the medication, but the client should still be experiencing some relief. The
half-life of morphine is about 3 hours. This means that half of it has been metabolized, but there still should be some
pain relief noted. It is, however, about time for another dose depending on the client’s level of pain. The morphine did
not stop working an hour ago; it will continue to work for approximately 6 hours, although at a lower rate. The
morphine does not last 15 hours and morphine does work for pain.
Q3: The nurse is administering medication to an older adult client. The nurse understands that age-related
changes can affect pharmacokinetics. Which statements are accurate about medication and older adults?
Select all that apply. Excretion is decreased due to fewer intact nephrons. Metabolism is decreased due to
more hepatic blood flow. Decreased lean body mass creates an increase in distribution. Absorption is
affected by decreased gastric pH. Distribution is increased because of a decrease in percentage of total body
water.
A: Excretion is decreased due to fewer intact nephrons. Absorption is affected by decreased gastric pH. Fewer
nephrons cause a decrease in excretion. Absorption is affected by a decrease in gastric pH. Metabolism is decreased
due to less hepatic blood flow. A decrease in lean body mass and total body water causes a decrease in distribution.
, Q4: Nursing Assessment in Pharmacology
A: Key Factors: -Noticing allergies, medications, age, diagnosis, and the client’s situation to identify patterns that may
require clinical decisions. Medication Routes: -Intravenous (IV): --Advantages: complete absorption, 100%
bioavailability, precise control of dosing, quick dilution of irritating drugs -Disadvantages: irreversible administration;
drug concentration, formulation, and rate of injection sensitivity; risks of overloading body fluid volume, infection, and
embolism -Intramuscular (IM): ---Advantages: the route for poorly water-soluble drugs, the route for depot drug
formulation (e.g., penicillin G) ---Disadvantages: discomfort and inconvenience, local tissue injury caused by chronic
administration, risk of nerve damage because of improper injection, moderate-to-low bioavailability -Transdermal:
---Advantages: good control of drug release (e.g., nitroglycerin and contraceptive hormones), convenient to use (e.g.,
patch and ointment) ---Disadvantages: potential skin irritation. -Subcutaneous (Subq): ---Advantages: the route for
poorly water-soluble drugs, the route for depot drug formulation (e.g., penicillin G) ---Disadvantages: Local tissue
injury, nerve damage risk. -Oral: ---Advantages: Convenient, safer. ---Disadvantages: discomfort and inconvenience,
local tissue injury caused by chronic administration, risk of nerve damage because of improper injection,
moderate-to-low bioavailability
Q5: Charlie (pronouns: he/him/his) is a 56-year-old father of two children who is married to his high school
sweetheart, Betty (pronouns: she/her/hers). He drives a truck for a large company doing cross-country trips
and often eats at fast food restaurants. Charlie recently went to see his primary healthcare provider for
bilateral foot itching. He was diagnosed with onychomycosis and prescribed itraconazole 200 mg daily.
Which of the medications Charlie takes show at least one interaction with another of his medication? See
image and use the Medicine.com Drug Interaction Checker
A: Itraconazole (Sporanox) 200mg one daily Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg one daily Aspirin 325mg one daily Calcium
Carbonate 400mg 4 tablets every 8 hours as needed Every medication except for pravastatin has a potential drug
interaction with one or more of the medications that the client is taking. Unlike other ‘statin’ medications, pravastatin
is metabolized mainly through the kidneys, avoiding the cytochrome p450 pathway that so many other medications
use.
