HONDROS BIO 253 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Neurons (Chapter 18)
Communicating Cells
2. Cell body
-contains ribosomes, rough endoplasmic er, Golgi apparatus -Neurotransmitters are packaged into
vesticles -provide proteins for nerve fibers
3. Axon
- each neuron has 1 axon -carries impulses to target cells
4. Axon Hillock
Integrates incoming signals
1
,5. Cytoskeleton
-microtubules of microfilaments, as well as neurofibrils (budles of neufilaments) -allows transport of small
organelles
6. Classifications of neurons
-Multipolar (motor are typically multipolar) Bipolar(rare, think of retina) Unipolar(pseudounipolar)(sensory
are usually unipolar
7. Neurons have a limited capacity to repair themselves
-If the damage is not extensive, the cell body and the neurilemma are intact, and scarring has not occurred
than nerve fibers can be repaired
8. Stages of neuron repair
-after injury distal portion of the axon and myelin sheath degenerate -Macrophages remove debris
-remaining neurilemma and endoneurium form a tunnel from the point of injury to the effector -new
Shawanna cells can grow in the tunnel to maintain a path of regrowth for the axon
9. Glia
The supporting cells of the central nervous system / 5 types
2
,10. Astrocytes
-Starshaped, Largest and most numerous type of glia -cell extensions connect to neurons and capillaries
-transfers the nutrients from the blood to the neuron. -helps form and operate synapse
11. Microglia
-small usually stationary cells -phagocytes
12. Ependymal cells
-lined fluid filled cavities in the CNS -make and circulate Cerebrospinal fluid
13. Oligodendrocytes
-smaller than astrocytes and have fewer processes -hold the nerve fibers together -producer the myelin
sheath
3
, 14. Neuroglia: Schwann Cells
-Found only in Peripheral neurons -Supportive nerve fibers and form the myelin sheaths
15. Myelin sheaths
-gaps between the segments and the Nodes of Ranvier -Made is segments by glia cells
16. oligodendrocytes
located in the CNS
17. Schwann Cells
Located in the PNS
4
ANSWERS VERIFIED 2027 EDITION
1. Neurons (Chapter 18)
Communicating Cells
2. Cell body
-contains ribosomes, rough endoplasmic er, Golgi apparatus -Neurotransmitters are packaged into
vesticles -provide proteins for nerve fibers
3. Axon
- each neuron has 1 axon -carries impulses to target cells
4. Axon Hillock
Integrates incoming signals
1
,5. Cytoskeleton
-microtubules of microfilaments, as well as neurofibrils (budles of neufilaments) -allows transport of small
organelles
6. Classifications of neurons
-Multipolar (motor are typically multipolar) Bipolar(rare, think of retina) Unipolar(pseudounipolar)(sensory
are usually unipolar
7. Neurons have a limited capacity to repair themselves
-If the damage is not extensive, the cell body and the neurilemma are intact, and scarring has not occurred
than nerve fibers can be repaired
8. Stages of neuron repair
-after injury distal portion of the axon and myelin sheath degenerate -Macrophages remove debris
-remaining neurilemma and endoneurium form a tunnel from the point of injury to the effector -new
Shawanna cells can grow in the tunnel to maintain a path of regrowth for the axon
9. Glia
The supporting cells of the central nervous system / 5 types
2
,10. Astrocytes
-Starshaped, Largest and most numerous type of glia -cell extensions connect to neurons and capillaries
-transfers the nutrients from the blood to the neuron. -helps form and operate synapse
11. Microglia
-small usually stationary cells -phagocytes
12. Ependymal cells
-lined fluid filled cavities in the CNS -make and circulate Cerebrospinal fluid
13. Oligodendrocytes
-smaller than astrocytes and have fewer processes -hold the nerve fibers together -producer the myelin
sheath
3
, 14. Neuroglia: Schwann Cells
-Found only in Peripheral neurons -Supportive nerve fibers and form the myelin sheaths
15. Myelin sheaths
-gaps between the segments and the Nodes of Ranvier -Made is segments by glia cells
16. oligodendrocytes
located in the CNS
17. Schwann Cells
Located in the PNS
4
