Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
1. Which of the following were prisons established by the Catholic Church during the Middle
Ages for those believed to be engaging in acts that violated religious principles?
a. bridewells
b. houses of corrections
c. the Citadel
*d. monastic confinement
2. Which classical prison reformer and philosopher believed that the law should accomplish
some utilitarian purpose, while the socially desirable outcome from punishment should be the
protection of society?
*a. Jeremy Bentham
b. John Howard
c. Cesare Becarria
d. Paul Ambrose
3. During the Middle Ages, those labeled as vagrants, beggars, and delinquents could be forced
to work in___________________ for the purposes of punishment and discipline.
a. bridewells
*b. houses of corrections
c. a Jesuit house of refuge
d. monastic confinement
4. In 1780 BCE, the King of Babylon created the first formal legal code known as the:
*a. Code of Hammurabi.
b. Declaration of Independence.
c. Magna Carta.
d. Twelve Tables.
5. Who was the English sheriff who advocated jail reform during the 1700s?
a. Jeremy Bentham
*b. John Howard
c. Frank Connelly
d. Alexander Maconochie
6. Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release?
a. Zebulon Brockway
b. John Howard
1
,Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
*c. Walter Crofton
d. Joseph Antwine
7. Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted
concerning crime and punishment?
a. Georgia
b. Maryland
c. New York
*d. Pennsylvania
8. A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated
from normal society.
a. bridewell
b. house of corrections
c. jail
*d. penitentiary
9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model?
*a. housed older offenders who had medical issues
b. featured indeterminate sentencing and parole
c. classified prisoners
d. provided educational and vocational training
10. Which early correctional model was based on the belief that most prisoners could benefit
from the actual experience of incarceration?
a. Carolina model
b. New York model
*c. Pennsylvania model
d. Texas model
11. Which prison reformer developed the Irish mark system, which eventually spread to the
United States and influenced the development of parole?
*a. Zebulon Brockway
b. John Howard
c. Walter Crofton
d. Cesare Becarria
2
,Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
12. Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and
productivity?
a. Eastern State Penitentiary
*b. Elmira Reformatory
c. Moundsville Penitentiary
d. Sing Sing Prison
13. ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several
European countries. It had a radial design, with seven wings, each containing 76 cells, radiating
from a central hub, where control personnel were stationed.
*a. Eastern State Penitentiary
b. Westgate State Penitentiary
c. Moundsville State Penitentiary
d. Brockway's House of Reform
14. Who of the following was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons in the United
States?
*a. Howard Gill
b. Andrew McCutchen
c. Howard Johns
d. John Gill
15. The ____________________ is the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured
through psychological intervention.
*a. Medical model
b. Reactionary model
c. Restorative model
d. Deterrent model
16. The state believes that in order for an offenders’ behavior to change, punishment should:
a. be degrading.
b. be waived.
c. occur before a trial.
*d. teach a lesson.
17. Punishment that is based on “getting even” for violating the social contract is known as:
*a. retribution.
3
, Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
b. restitution.
c. rehabilitation.
d. deterrence.
18. Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by:
*a. paying for their crimes.
b. learning lessons.
c. serving short sentences.
d. serving short sentences.
19. The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must do which of the
following?
a. pay back their victims for their loss.
b. pay back the justice system for costs related to processing their cases.
c. pay back society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes.
*d. all of these
20. Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
*c. just deserts
d. restoration
21. Which goal of punishment is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes?
*a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
22. Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically,
so that during the time they are confined society is protected?
a. deterrence
*b. incapacitation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
4
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
1. Which of the following were prisons established by the Catholic Church during the Middle
Ages for those believed to be engaging in acts that violated religious principles?
a. bridewells
b. houses of corrections
c. the Citadel
*d. monastic confinement
2. Which classical prison reformer and philosopher believed that the law should accomplish
some utilitarian purpose, while the socially desirable outcome from punishment should be the
protection of society?
*a. Jeremy Bentham
b. John Howard
c. Cesare Becarria
d. Paul Ambrose
3. During the Middle Ages, those labeled as vagrants, beggars, and delinquents could be forced
to work in___________________ for the purposes of punishment and discipline.
a. bridewells
*b. houses of corrections
c. a Jesuit house of refuge
d. monastic confinement
4. In 1780 BCE, the King of Babylon created the first formal legal code known as the:
*a. Code of Hammurabi.
b. Declaration of Independence.
c. Magna Carta.
d. Twelve Tables.
5. Who was the English sheriff who advocated jail reform during the 1700s?
a. Jeremy Bentham
*b. John Howard
c. Frank Connelly
d. Alexander Maconochie
6. Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release?
a. Zebulon Brockway
b. John Howard
1
,Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
*c. Walter Crofton
d. Joseph Antwine
7. Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted
concerning crime and punishment?
a. Georgia
b. Maryland
c. New York
*d. Pennsylvania
8. A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated
from normal society.
a. bridewell
b. house of corrections
c. jail
*d. penitentiary
9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model?
*a. housed older offenders who had medical issues
b. featured indeterminate sentencing and parole
c. classified prisoners
d. provided educational and vocational training
10. Which early correctional model was based on the belief that most prisoners could benefit
from the actual experience of incarceration?
a. Carolina model
b. New York model
*c. Pennsylvania model
d. Texas model
11. Which prison reformer developed the Irish mark system, which eventually spread to the
United States and influenced the development of parole?
*a. Zebulon Brockway
b. John Howard
c. Walter Crofton
d. Cesare Becarria
2
,Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
12. Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and
productivity?
a. Eastern State Penitentiary
*b. Elmira Reformatory
c. Moundsville Penitentiary
d. Sing Sing Prison
13. ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several
European countries. It had a radial design, with seven wings, each containing 76 cells, radiating
from a central hub, where control personnel were stationed.
*a. Eastern State Penitentiary
b. Westgate State Penitentiary
c. Moundsville State Penitentiary
d. Brockway's House of Reform
14. Who of the following was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons in the United
States?
*a. Howard Gill
b. Andrew McCutchen
c. Howard Johns
d. John Gill
15. The ____________________ is the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured
through psychological intervention.
*a. Medical model
b. Reactionary model
c. Restorative model
d. Deterrent model
16. The state believes that in order for an offenders’ behavior to change, punishment should:
a. be degrading.
b. be waived.
c. occur before a trial.
*d. teach a lesson.
17. Punishment that is based on “getting even” for violating the social contract is known as:
*a. retribution.
3
, Test Bank For Corrections Today 4th Edition
Chapter 1. The Correctional System.
b. restitution.
c. rehabilitation.
d. deterrence.
18. Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by:
*a. paying for their crimes.
b. learning lessons.
c. serving short sentences.
d. serving short sentences.
19. The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must do which of the
following?
a. pay back their victims for their loss.
b. pay back the justice system for costs related to processing their cases.
c. pay back society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes.
*d. all of these
20. Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
*c. just deserts
d. restoration
21. Which goal of punishment is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes?
*a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
22. Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically,
so that during the time they are confined society is protected?
a. deterrence
*b. incapacitation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
4
