BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
ACTUAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Answer: Fluid located outside the cells; includes interstitial fluid
and intravascular fluid.
◉ Interstitial fluid
Answer: Fluid located between the cells.
◉ Intravascular fluid
Answer: Fluid within blood vessels; plasma.
◉ Why does total body water decline with age?
Answer: Increased body fat, decreased muscle mass, reduced
kidney ability to conserve sodium and concentrate urine, and
impaired thirst perception.
◉ Osmosis
Answer: Movement of water across a membrane from higher
water concentration to lower water concentration.
◉ Osmolality
,Answer: Number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water; helps
determine water distribution between compartments.
◉ Normal serum osmolality
Answer: 275-295 mOsm/kg.
◉ High serum osmolality suggests what?
Answer: Dehydration or relatively more solute than water.
◉ Low serum osmolality suggests what?
Answer: Fluid overload or relatively more water than solute.
◉ Osmotic pressure
Answer: Hydrostatic pressure required to stop the osmotic
movement of water.
◉ Major extracellular cation
Answer: Sodium (Na+).
◉ Major intracellular cation
Answer: Potassium (K+).
◉ Major extracellular anions
Answer: Chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-).
, ◉ Major intracellular anions
Answer: Phosphate and organic anions.
◉ Filtration
Answer: Movement of fluid out of the capillary into the interstitial
space.
◉ Reabsorption
Answer: Movement of fluid from the interstitial space back into
the capillary.
◉ Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
Answer: Pushing pressure inside capillary; favors filtration.
◉ Capillary oncotic pressure (COP)
Answer: Pulling pressure from plasma proteins inside capillary;
favors reabsorption.
◉ Interstitial hydrostatic pressure (IHP)
Answer: Pushing pressure in interstitial space; favors
reabsorption into capillary.
◉ Interstitial oncotic pressure (IOP)
ACTUAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Answer: Fluid located outside the cells; includes interstitial fluid
and intravascular fluid.
◉ Interstitial fluid
Answer: Fluid located between the cells.
◉ Intravascular fluid
Answer: Fluid within blood vessels; plasma.
◉ Why does total body water decline with age?
Answer: Increased body fat, decreased muscle mass, reduced
kidney ability to conserve sodium and concentrate urine, and
impaired thirst perception.
◉ Osmosis
Answer: Movement of water across a membrane from higher
water concentration to lower water concentration.
◉ Osmolality
,Answer: Number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water; helps
determine water distribution between compartments.
◉ Normal serum osmolality
Answer: 275-295 mOsm/kg.
◉ High serum osmolality suggests what?
Answer: Dehydration or relatively more solute than water.
◉ Low serum osmolality suggests what?
Answer: Fluid overload or relatively more water than solute.
◉ Osmotic pressure
Answer: Hydrostatic pressure required to stop the osmotic
movement of water.
◉ Major extracellular cation
Answer: Sodium (Na+).
◉ Major intracellular cation
Answer: Potassium (K+).
◉ Major extracellular anions
Answer: Chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-).
, ◉ Major intracellular anions
Answer: Phosphate and organic anions.
◉ Filtration
Answer: Movement of fluid out of the capillary into the interstitial
space.
◉ Reabsorption
Answer: Movement of fluid from the interstitial space back into
the capillary.
◉ Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
Answer: Pushing pressure inside capillary; favors filtration.
◉ Capillary oncotic pressure (COP)
Answer: Pulling pressure from plasma proteins inside capillary;
favors reabsorption.
◉ Interstitial hydrostatic pressure (IHP)
Answer: Pushing pressure in interstitial space; favors
reabsorption into capillary.
◉ Interstitial oncotic pressure (IOP)
