ESSENTIALS OF BIOSTATISTICS IN PUBLIC
HEALTH EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
●● What are the key objectives of epidemiology?
Answer: 1. Identify causes of disease 2. Evaluate interventions 3. Guide
public health policy 4. Determine disease burden 5. Study natural history
of disease.
●● What are the main measures used to determine disease burden?
Answer: Number of cases, frequency, and distribution.
●● What does the term 'disease progression' refer to?
Answer: The process by which a disease develops and worsens over
time.
●● What is the Epidemiologic Triad?
Answer: A model that describes disease occurrence as a result of
interactions among agent, host, and environment.
●● What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary
prevention?
,Answer: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it starts;
secondary prevention focuses on early detection; tertiary prevention
reduces complications of established disease.
●● What is herd immunity?
Answer: Protection from disease when a sufficient proportion of a
population is immune.
●● What is the purpose of disease surveillance?
Answer: To continuously collect and analyze health data to monitor
disease trends and guide interventions.
●● What is incidence in epidemiology?
Answer: The number of new cases of a disease in a specified population
during a defined time period.
●● What is prevalence?
Answer: The total number of existing cases of a disease in a population
at a given time.
●● What is the formula for calculating incidence?
Answer: Incidence = New cases ÷ Population at risk.
●● What does the term 'mortality' refer to?
, Answer: The number of deaths in a population.
●● What is the Crude Death Rate?
Answer: The total number of deaths during a specific period divided by
the total population.
●● What is the Infant Mortality Rate?
Answer: The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000
live births in a given year.
●● What is the Case Fatality Rate (CFR)?
Answer: The proportion of diagnosed cases of a disease that result in
death.
●● Who is considered the Father of Epidemiology?
Answer: John Snow, known for his investigation of the London cholera
outbreak.
●● What is the significance of Ignaz Semmelweis in epidemiology?
Answer: He discovered that handwashing significantly reduced maternal
mortality rates.
●● What are some examples of high-risk strategies in disease
prevention?
HEALTH EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
●● What are the key objectives of epidemiology?
Answer: 1. Identify causes of disease 2. Evaluate interventions 3. Guide
public health policy 4. Determine disease burden 5. Study natural history
of disease.
●● What are the main measures used to determine disease burden?
Answer: Number of cases, frequency, and distribution.
●● What does the term 'disease progression' refer to?
Answer: The process by which a disease develops and worsens over
time.
●● What is the Epidemiologic Triad?
Answer: A model that describes disease occurrence as a result of
interactions among agent, host, and environment.
●● What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary
prevention?
,Answer: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it starts;
secondary prevention focuses on early detection; tertiary prevention
reduces complications of established disease.
●● What is herd immunity?
Answer: Protection from disease when a sufficient proportion of a
population is immune.
●● What is the purpose of disease surveillance?
Answer: To continuously collect and analyze health data to monitor
disease trends and guide interventions.
●● What is incidence in epidemiology?
Answer: The number of new cases of a disease in a specified population
during a defined time period.
●● What is prevalence?
Answer: The total number of existing cases of a disease in a population
at a given time.
●● What is the formula for calculating incidence?
Answer: Incidence = New cases ÷ Population at risk.
●● What does the term 'mortality' refer to?
, Answer: The number of deaths in a population.
●● What is the Crude Death Rate?
Answer: The total number of deaths during a specific period divided by
the total population.
●● What is the Infant Mortality Rate?
Answer: The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000
live births in a given year.
●● What is the Case Fatality Rate (CFR)?
Answer: The proportion of diagnosed cases of a disease that result in
death.
●● Who is considered the Father of Epidemiology?
Answer: John Snow, known for his investigation of the London cholera
outbreak.
●● What is the significance of Ignaz Semmelweis in epidemiology?
Answer: He discovered that handwashing significantly reduced maternal
mortality rates.
●● What are some examples of high-risk strategies in disease
prevention?
