BIOL 1108 Exam 1 | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: What is the first selectively defeated virus
A: Smallpox
Q2: when did routine smallpox vaccination end?
A: 1972
Q3: when did the WHO declare smallpox eradicated?
A: 1980
Q4: Who created the first polio vaccine on October 7th, 1954 in Pittsburg, PA
A: Dr. Jonas Salk
Q5: What do all pathogens have in common?
A: The ability to mutate
Q6: Why is the coronavirus called SARSCoV2
A: SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,
CoV because it is a coronavirus, and 2 because it
came after the first SARSCoV
Q7: What are the similar origins of SARS, MERS, and SARSCoV2?
A: Bats
Q8: How much similarity does SARS CoV2 share with SARSCoV1?
A: 80%
Q9: the simplest biological entity. consists of little more than genetic material (DNA/RNA) contained in a
proteinaceous structure (capsid) surrounded by a membrane (envelope)
A: Virus
,Q10: Compare a bacteria vs a virus
A: Bacteria: 1000 micrometers, living, and can be
killed by antibiotics
Virus: 20400 micrometers, in between
living/nonliving, not much can be done except
medicines and pray
Q11: Are Viruses alive?
A: There is no hard answer. Dr. Farmer says: "Viruses
are highly evolved parasytes"
Q12: NASA definition of life
A: a selfsustaining chemical system capable of
Darwinian evolution
Q13: virus that does not have an embedded protein envelope (ex: Polio)
A: "naked" nucleocapsid virus
Q14: virus that has an embedded protein envelope
A: enveloped virus
Q15: How do I kill an enveloped virus
A: Soap or alcohol. Soap destroys the envelope
surrounding the virus, killing it. Alcohol
denatures the membrane, rendering the virus
harmless
Q16: How do I kill a naked virus
A: they die on their own
Q17: Which type of virus is coronavirus?
A: enveloped virus
Q18: a value which helps determine which viruses or strains of viruses are more virulent. a _______ value of
2 for example, indicates that in a naive population, 1 infected person will infect 2 others
A: R0 (Rnaught)
, Q19: What is the rate of mutation for Double Strand and Single Strand DNA viruses?
A: 10^8 to 10^6
Q20: What is the rate of mutation for RNA Viruses
A: 10^5
Q21: Why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation?
A: They are much simpler than DNA Viruses, and as
such, are able to mutate at a much faster rate
than DNA viruses
Q22: What kind of virus is COVID19
A: RNA Virus
Q23: Reassortment of two or more different strains of a virus. Typically comes from two different species of
viruses, which occurs in animals. Could be from direct or intermediate transmission with no genetic changes
A: Antigenic Shift
Q24: Virus that contains reverse transcriptase > RNA to DNA. Inserts its genes into your genome which
infects you for life. EX: HIV and HPV
A: Retrovirus
Q25: How much of the human genome is retrovirus DNA
A: 40%
Q26: By age 50, what percent of women will have an STD
A: 80%
Q27: Which strain of HPV is has the highest propensity of Cervical Cancer?
A: HPV16
Answers
Q1: What is the first selectively defeated virus
A: Smallpox
Q2: when did routine smallpox vaccination end?
A: 1972
Q3: when did the WHO declare smallpox eradicated?
A: 1980
Q4: Who created the first polio vaccine on October 7th, 1954 in Pittsburg, PA
A: Dr. Jonas Salk
Q5: What do all pathogens have in common?
A: The ability to mutate
Q6: Why is the coronavirus called SARSCoV2
A: SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,
CoV because it is a coronavirus, and 2 because it
came after the first SARSCoV
Q7: What are the similar origins of SARS, MERS, and SARSCoV2?
A: Bats
Q8: How much similarity does SARS CoV2 share with SARSCoV1?
A: 80%
Q9: the simplest biological entity. consists of little more than genetic material (DNA/RNA) contained in a
proteinaceous structure (capsid) surrounded by a membrane (envelope)
A: Virus
,Q10: Compare a bacteria vs a virus
A: Bacteria: 1000 micrometers, living, and can be
killed by antibiotics
Virus: 20400 micrometers, in between
living/nonliving, not much can be done except
medicines and pray
Q11: Are Viruses alive?
A: There is no hard answer. Dr. Farmer says: "Viruses
are highly evolved parasytes"
Q12: NASA definition of life
A: a selfsustaining chemical system capable of
Darwinian evolution
Q13: virus that does not have an embedded protein envelope (ex: Polio)
A: "naked" nucleocapsid virus
Q14: virus that has an embedded protein envelope
A: enveloped virus
Q15: How do I kill an enveloped virus
A: Soap or alcohol. Soap destroys the envelope
surrounding the virus, killing it. Alcohol
denatures the membrane, rendering the virus
harmless
Q16: How do I kill a naked virus
A: they die on their own
Q17: Which type of virus is coronavirus?
A: enveloped virus
Q18: a value which helps determine which viruses or strains of viruses are more virulent. a _______ value of
2 for example, indicates that in a naive population, 1 infected person will infect 2 others
A: R0 (Rnaught)
, Q19: What is the rate of mutation for Double Strand and Single Strand DNA viruses?
A: 10^8 to 10^6
Q20: What is the rate of mutation for RNA Viruses
A: 10^5
Q21: Why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation?
A: They are much simpler than DNA Viruses, and as
such, are able to mutate at a much faster rate
than DNA viruses
Q22: What kind of virus is COVID19
A: RNA Virus
Q23: Reassortment of two or more different strains of a virus. Typically comes from two different species of
viruses, which occurs in animals. Could be from direct or intermediate transmission with no genetic changes
A: Antigenic Shift
Q24: Virus that contains reverse transcriptase > RNA to DNA. Inserts its genes into your genome which
infects you for life. EX: HIV and HPV
A: Retrovirus
Q25: How much of the human genome is retrovirus DNA
A: 40%
Q26: By age 50, what percent of women will have an STD
A: 80%
Q27: Which strain of HPV is has the highest propensity of Cervical Cancer?
A: HPV16
