BIO 1108 Unit 1 Study Guide | UPDATED Questions with 100%
Verified Answers
Q1: Plato
A: Viewed species of plants and animals as unchanging.
No change = No evolution
Q2: Aristotle
A: Viewed species as fixed. Thought some organisms possessed certain "affinities" and could
be organized by complexity. Created "scala naturae" scale of nature.
Q3: Carolus Linnaeus
A: Developed a latinized, 2part binomial classification system to identify each species. Did
not use Aristotle's scale of nature. Grouped organisms by taxonomic groups.
Q4: Georges Cuvier
A: French naturalist who developed science of paleontology. Observed history of life could
be determined by rock strata. While accepting extinction, he still opposed evolution.
Q5: JeanBaptiste de Lamarck
A: One of first to say that evolution explained fossil evidence and how animals suit their
environments.
Q6: Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
A: Lamarck proposed that traits acquired during an animal's life could be passed down to its
offspring. Modern genetics refute this hypothesis.
Q7: Charles Darwin
A: Pioneered study of biogeography. Studied the Galapagos Islands's tortoises and finches,
working out his theory of Evolution via Natural Selection.
Q8: Biogeography
A: Study of past and present geographical distribution of organisms. Can compare types of
habitats that support different species.
, Q9: Darwin's Finches
A: Darwin discovered 13 different species of finches on the Galapagos, all descending from
one single mainland species. They had differences in beak shape and body size,
correlating with their island habitat characteristics and diet.
Q10: Alfred Russel Wallace
A: Made similar observations to Darwin on his voyage through SE Asia. He and Darwin both
independently proposed Natural Selection as a key mechanism to explain evolutionary
change. Both received credit for the idea.
Q11: Key Tenets of Evolution by Natural Selection
A: 1. Individuals in a population vary in their traits
2. Many of these differences are heritable and they are passed on to offspring
3. In each generation, many more offspring are produced than can survive; of these, only
some will survive long enough to reproduce, and some will produce more offspring than
others
4. Individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain advantageous traits produce more
offspring than individuals who lack those traits
Q12: Artificial Selection
A: Species modification over generations by selective breeding (i.e. domestication) for
desired traits. Humanengineered.
Q13: Natural Selection
A: individuals w/ adaptations will survive better and leave more offspring
can alter allele frequency of a population in 3 ways:
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
Q14: Adaptation
A: a heritable trait that increases an individual's biological fitness in a particular environment
relative to individuals lacking that trait. longterm genetic change in a population across
generations
Q15: Biological Fitness
A: ability of an individual to survive and produce offspring
Verified Answers
Q1: Plato
A: Viewed species of plants and animals as unchanging.
No change = No evolution
Q2: Aristotle
A: Viewed species as fixed. Thought some organisms possessed certain "affinities" and could
be organized by complexity. Created "scala naturae" scale of nature.
Q3: Carolus Linnaeus
A: Developed a latinized, 2part binomial classification system to identify each species. Did
not use Aristotle's scale of nature. Grouped organisms by taxonomic groups.
Q4: Georges Cuvier
A: French naturalist who developed science of paleontology. Observed history of life could
be determined by rock strata. While accepting extinction, he still opposed evolution.
Q5: JeanBaptiste de Lamarck
A: One of first to say that evolution explained fossil evidence and how animals suit their
environments.
Q6: Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
A: Lamarck proposed that traits acquired during an animal's life could be passed down to its
offspring. Modern genetics refute this hypothesis.
Q7: Charles Darwin
A: Pioneered study of biogeography. Studied the Galapagos Islands's tortoises and finches,
working out his theory of Evolution via Natural Selection.
Q8: Biogeography
A: Study of past and present geographical distribution of organisms. Can compare types of
habitats that support different species.
, Q9: Darwin's Finches
A: Darwin discovered 13 different species of finches on the Galapagos, all descending from
one single mainland species. They had differences in beak shape and body size,
correlating with their island habitat characteristics and diet.
Q10: Alfred Russel Wallace
A: Made similar observations to Darwin on his voyage through SE Asia. He and Darwin both
independently proposed Natural Selection as a key mechanism to explain evolutionary
change. Both received credit for the idea.
Q11: Key Tenets of Evolution by Natural Selection
A: 1. Individuals in a population vary in their traits
2. Many of these differences are heritable and they are passed on to offspring
3. In each generation, many more offspring are produced than can survive; of these, only
some will survive long enough to reproduce, and some will produce more offspring than
others
4. Individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain advantageous traits produce more
offspring than individuals who lack those traits
Q12: Artificial Selection
A: Species modification over generations by selective breeding (i.e. domestication) for
desired traits. Humanengineered.
Q13: Natural Selection
A: individuals w/ adaptations will survive better and leave more offspring
can alter allele frequency of a population in 3 ways:
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
Q14: Adaptation
A: a heritable trait that increases an individual's biological fitness in a particular environment
relative to individuals lacking that trait. longterm genetic change in a population across
generations
Q15: Biological Fitness
A: ability of an individual to survive and produce offspring
