,Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal–Child Health Care Environment Hatfield:
Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 5th Edition
1. The opening up of hospital visiting policies for children and families
likely resultedfrom the work of which individual?
A. Joseph Brennaman
B. John Bowlby
C. Marshal Klaus
D. John Kennell
Answer: B
Rationale: In 1951, John Bowlby received worldwide attention with his
study that revealed the negative results of the separation of child and mother because of
hospitalization. His work led toa re-evaluation and liberalization of hospital visiting policies for
children. Joseph Brennaman suggested that a lack of stimulation for infants contributed to
high infant mortality rates at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicians Marshall Klaus and
John Kennell carried out importantstudies on the effect of the separation of newborns and
parents.
They established that early separation may have long-term effects on family relationships
and that offering the new family an opportunity to be together at birth and for a significant
period after birth may provide benefitsthat last well into early childhood.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4
2. An expectant mother states that she read that more black mothers die in childbirth than
do white mothers. When responding to her questions about the reasons for this, the nurse
accurately states that which is the major reason for the high maternal mortality rate?
A. Having formal education.
B. Being unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack of prenatal care.
Answer: D
Rationale: Research shows that maternal mortality rate is directly related to lack of prenatal
care secondary to lack of access to services or insurance. Income as well as educational level
may play a role in the availability of health care, but they are not directly responsible. Being
unmarried has no bearing on infant mortality.
Question format: Multiple Choice
,Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Understand
, Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
3. Which statement correctly defines the term "infant death rate"?
A. number of deaths in utero of fetuses 500 g or more per 1,000 live births
B. number of deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births
C. number of deaths occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births
D. death of a live-born child before his or her first birthday.
Answer: D
Rationale: The term infant death refers to the death of a live-born child before he or she
reaches age 1 year. It also includes neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal mortality rate is the
number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life for every 1,000 live births. Infant
mortality rate is the number of deaths during the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
4. The nursing instructor is preparing to teach a group of students about the history of
maternity care. What major development will the instructor emphasize as greatly influencing
the practice of maternity care in the United States over the past century?
A. technologic advances and the use of forceps by primary care providers
B. development of anesthesia and acceptance of the germ theory
C. advent of birthing centers and the development of family-centered care
D. development of pediatric specialty and replacement of midwives as primary birth
attendants Answer: B
Rationale: The emphasis should be placed on anesthesia and the germ theory. The
development of anesthesia allowed women a choice for pain management in birth; the germ
theory advanced the progress of general health care and decreased infections in laboring
women. Pediatrics as a specialty is an important step forward but is not the greatest
development, and midwives are still in practice. Maternity care continues to evolve, and
birthing centers are still under development. Forceps are not considered an advance in
maternity care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Analyze
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Introductory Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 5th Edition
1. The opening up of hospital visiting policies for children and families
likely resultedfrom the work of which individual?
A. Joseph Brennaman
B. John Bowlby
C. Marshal Klaus
D. John Kennell
Answer: B
Rationale: In 1951, John Bowlby received worldwide attention with his
study that revealed the negative results of the separation of child and mother because of
hospitalization. His work led toa re-evaluation and liberalization of hospital visiting policies for
children. Joseph Brennaman suggested that a lack of stimulation for infants contributed to
high infant mortality rates at the time. In the 1970s and 1980s, physicians Marshall Klaus and
John Kennell carried out importantstudies on the effect of the separation of newborns and
parents.
They established that early separation may have long-term effects on family relationships
and that offering the new family an opportunity to be together at birth and for a significant
period after birth may provide benefitsthat last well into early childhood.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 4
2. An expectant mother states that she read that more black mothers die in childbirth than
do white mothers. When responding to her questions about the reasons for this, the nurse
accurately states that which is the major reason for the high maternal mortality rate?
A. Having formal education.
B. Being unmarried.
C. Income.
D. Lack of prenatal care.
Answer: D
Rationale: Research shows that maternal mortality rate is directly related to lack of prenatal
care secondary to lack of access to services or insurance. Income as well as educational level
may play a role in the availability of health care, but they are not directly responsible. Being
unmarried has no bearing on infant mortality.
Question format: Multiple Choice
,Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Understand
, Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
3. Which statement correctly defines the term "infant death rate"?
A. number of deaths in utero of fetuses 500 g or more per 1,000 live births
B. number of deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births
C. number of deaths occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births
D. death of a live-born child before his or her first birthday.
Answer: D
Rationale: The term infant death refers to the death of a live-born child before he or she
reaches age 1 year. It also includes neonatal mortality rate. Neonatal mortality rate is the
number of infant deaths during the first 28 days of life for every 1,000 live births. Infant
mortality rate is the number of deaths during the first 12 months of life per 1,000 live births.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Remember
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Reference: p. 9
4. The nursing instructor is preparing to teach a group of students about the history of
maternity care. What major development will the instructor emphasize as greatly influencing
the practice of maternity care in the United States over the past century?
A. technologic advances and the use of forceps by primary care providers
B. development of anesthesia and acceptance of the germ theory
C. advent of birthing centers and the development of family-centered care
D. development of pediatric specialty and replacement of midwives as primary birth
attendants Answer: B
Rationale: The emphasis should be placed on anesthesia and the germ theory. The
development of anesthesia allowed women a choice for pain management in birth; the germ
theory advanced the progress of general health care and decreased infections in laboring
women. Pediatrics as a specialty is an important step forward but is not the greatest
development, and midwives are still in practice. Maternity care continues to evolve, and
birthing centers are still under development. Forceps are not considered an advance in
maternity care.
Question format: Multiple Choice
Chapter 1: The Nurse's Role in a Changing Maternal-Child Health Care Environment Cognitive
Level: Analyze
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
