BSNC 6000 Liver & Immune System
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
TRUE or FALSE
The liver is not palpable in healthy adults. -
correct answer ✅TRUE
The venous supply to the liver is through the
_____________________, which brings 75% of the liver's blood
supply. The _____________ brings the remaining 25%. -
correct answer ✅The venous supply to the liver is through the
hepatic portal vein, which brings 75% of the liver's blood supply.
The hepatic artery brings the remaining 25%.
Describe the composition of the blood in the hepatic portal vein -
correct answer ✅· nutrient and toxic materials absorbed in the
intestine
· blood cells and breakdown products from the spleen
· insulin + glucagon from the pancreas
->also contains O2, although not fully saturated
How does the liver contribute to euvolemia? -
correct answer ✅liver can store 500-1000 mL of blood to be
released if hypovolemic
,BSNC 6000 Liver & Immune System
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
Lobules are the functional units of the liver. They contain special
capillaries called ______________. -
correct answer ✅Lobules are the functional units of the liver. They
contain special capillaries called sinusoids.
Sinusoids are composed of which 2 main cell types? -
correct answer ✅1. Typical capillary endothelial cells
2. Kupffer cells (reticuloendothelial cells -> can remove &
phagocytose old + defective blood cells, bacteria, and foreign
material from portal vein as blood flows through sinusoid ->
prevents enteric bacilli and other harmful material absorbed in the
intestine from entering general circulation)
List some of the proteins the liver makes -
correct answer ✅· plasma protein albumin
· fibrinogen
· clotting factors
What are the 2 mechanisms of protein catabolism used by the
liver? -
correct answer ✅1. Transamination
, BSNC 6000 Liver & Immune System
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
2. Oxidative deamination
Describe transamination -
correct answer ✅o amino group (NH2) is transferred to an
acceptor molecule
o as a result, amino acids can participate in the intermediary
metabolism of carbs and lipids
o most nonessential amino acids are produced via transamination
in the liver
o catalyzed by aminotransferases, enzyme found in high #s in the
liver
Describe oxidative deamination -
correct answer ✅Removal of NH2 from amino acids & conversion
of amino acids to keto acids and ammonia by transamination,
allowing transfer of an amine group from one molecule to another
->ammonia is then rapidly converted to urea in the liver
->urea is then excreted mostly by the kidneys in urine, plus a small
amount into the intestines where it is converted back into ammonia
and resorbed into circulation -> returns to liver to be converted
again into urea
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
TRUE or FALSE
The liver is not palpable in healthy adults. -
correct answer ✅TRUE
The venous supply to the liver is through the
_____________________, which brings 75% of the liver's blood
supply. The _____________ brings the remaining 25%. -
correct answer ✅The venous supply to the liver is through the
hepatic portal vein, which brings 75% of the liver's blood supply.
The hepatic artery brings the remaining 25%.
Describe the composition of the blood in the hepatic portal vein -
correct answer ✅· nutrient and toxic materials absorbed in the
intestine
· blood cells and breakdown products from the spleen
· insulin + glucagon from the pancreas
->also contains O2, although not fully saturated
How does the liver contribute to euvolemia? -
correct answer ✅liver can store 500-1000 mL of blood to be
released if hypovolemic
,BSNC 6000 Liver & Immune System
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
Lobules are the functional units of the liver. They contain special
capillaries called ______________. -
correct answer ✅Lobules are the functional units of the liver. They
contain special capillaries called sinusoids.
Sinusoids are composed of which 2 main cell types? -
correct answer ✅1. Typical capillary endothelial cells
2. Kupffer cells (reticuloendothelial cells -> can remove &
phagocytose old + defective blood cells, bacteria, and foreign
material from portal vein as blood flows through sinusoid ->
prevents enteric bacilli and other harmful material absorbed in the
intestine from entering general circulation)
List some of the proteins the liver makes -
correct answer ✅· plasma protein albumin
· fibrinogen
· clotting factors
What are the 2 mechanisms of protein catabolism used by the
liver? -
correct answer ✅1. Transamination
, BSNC 6000 Liver & Immune System
Exam Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
2. Oxidative deamination
Describe transamination -
correct answer ✅o amino group (NH2) is transferred to an
acceptor molecule
o as a result, amino acids can participate in the intermediary
metabolism of carbs and lipids
o most nonessential amino acids are produced via transamination
in the liver
o catalyzed by aminotransferases, enzyme found in high #s in the
liver
Describe oxidative deamination -
correct answer ✅Removal of NH2 from amino acids & conversion
of amino acids to keto acids and ammonia by transamination,
allowing transfer of an amine group from one molecule to another
->ammonia is then rapidly converted to urea in the liver
->urea is then excreted mostly by the kidneys in urine, plus a small
amount into the intestines where it is converted back into ammonia
and resorbed into circulation -> returns to liver to be converted
again into urea
