,NUR 254 Exam 1 | Maternal & Pediatric Nursing
(2026/2027) PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the ductus
venosus in fetal circulation?
A) It connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B) It allows blood to bypass the fetal liver
C) It connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
D) It allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs
Correct Answer: It allows blood to bypass the fetal liver
Rationale: The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena
cava, allowing oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal liver.
Option A describes the ductus arteriosus, and Option D describes the function of
both the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
2. What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early
pregnancy?
A) It stimulates uterine contractions
B) It maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone production
C) It initiates lactation
D) It regulates fetal heart rate
Correct Answer: It maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone production
,Rationale: hCG maintains the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to
sustain the pregnancy until the placenta takes over. It does not stimulate
contractions, initiate lactation, or regulate fetal heart rate.
3. According to Naegele's rule, what is the estimated date of delivery for a client
whose last menstrual period began on May 10th?
A) February 3rd
B) February 17th
C) March 3rd
D) March 17th
Correct Answer: February 17th
Rationale: Naegele's rule is calculated by subtracting 3 months from the first
day of the last menstrual period and adding 7 days. May 10 minus 3 months is
February 10, plus 7 days is February 17.
4. A client is currently pregnant for the third time, has one term birth, one
preterm birth, and no abortions or living children. Which GTPAL notation is
correct?
A) G3 T1 P1 A0 L2
B) G3 T1 P1 A0 L1
C) G2 T1 P1 A0 L1
, D) G3 T0 P1 A0 L1
Correct Answer: G3 T1 P1 A0 L1
Rationale: GTPAL: G=3 (third pregnancy), T=1 (one term), P=1 (one preterm),
A=0, L=1 (one living child from preterm birth). The preterm birth counts as a
pregnancy but the child is living, so L=1.
5. Which of the following is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
A) Chadwick's sign
B) Positive pregnancy test
C) Hegar's sign
D) Breast tenderness and fatigue
Correct Answer: Breast tenderness and fatigue
Rationale: Presumptive signs are subjective and include breast tenderness,
fatigue, nausea, and amenorrhea. Chadwick's and Hegar's signs are probable
signs. A positive pregnancy test is also a probable sign.
6. A nurse is explaining fetal circulation to a nursing student. Which statement
about the foramen ovale is correct?
A) It connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B) It allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs
(2026/2027) PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the ductus
venosus in fetal circulation?
A) It connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B) It allows blood to bypass the fetal liver
C) It connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
D) It allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs
Correct Answer: It allows blood to bypass the fetal liver
Rationale: The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena
cava, allowing oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal liver.
Option A describes the ductus arteriosus, and Option D describes the function of
both the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
2. What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early
pregnancy?
A) It stimulates uterine contractions
B) It maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone production
C) It initiates lactation
D) It regulates fetal heart rate
Correct Answer: It maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone production
,Rationale: hCG maintains the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to
sustain the pregnancy until the placenta takes over. It does not stimulate
contractions, initiate lactation, or regulate fetal heart rate.
3. According to Naegele's rule, what is the estimated date of delivery for a client
whose last menstrual period began on May 10th?
A) February 3rd
B) February 17th
C) March 3rd
D) March 17th
Correct Answer: February 17th
Rationale: Naegele's rule is calculated by subtracting 3 months from the first
day of the last menstrual period and adding 7 days. May 10 minus 3 months is
February 10, plus 7 days is February 17.
4. A client is currently pregnant for the third time, has one term birth, one
preterm birth, and no abortions or living children. Which GTPAL notation is
correct?
A) G3 T1 P1 A0 L2
B) G3 T1 P1 A0 L1
C) G2 T1 P1 A0 L1
, D) G3 T0 P1 A0 L1
Correct Answer: G3 T1 P1 A0 L1
Rationale: GTPAL: G=3 (third pregnancy), T=1 (one term), P=1 (one preterm),
A=0, L=1 (one living child from preterm birth). The preterm birth counts as a
pregnancy but the child is living, so L=1.
5. Which of the following is a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
A) Chadwick's sign
B) Positive pregnancy test
C) Hegar's sign
D) Breast tenderness and fatigue
Correct Answer: Breast tenderness and fatigue
Rationale: Presumptive signs are subjective and include breast tenderness,
fatigue, nausea, and amenorrhea. Chadwick's and Hegar's signs are probable
signs. A positive pregnancy test is also a probable sign.
6. A nurse is explaining fetal circulation to a nursing student. Which statement
about the foramen ovale is correct?
A) It connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B) It allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs
