Rasmussen Pathophysiology 2027 Exam 2 180+ Updated Study
Guide Questions and Answers - Focused Revision Pack - A+
Verified
Question 1.
peritonitis
Correct Answer: inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the
abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)
Question 2.
Why does the abdomen become rigid with peritonitis?
Correct Answer: Due to inflammation And abdominal muscle spasms
Question 3.
Ulcerative colitis V Chron's
Correct Answer: UC: - Condition in mucosa only - Begins in the rectum and
then extends to the entire colon - Develops fast (20-30 sec) - Rarely affects
small intestines - inflammation triggered by T cells accumulation in mucosa
Chron's: - Condition that is full thickness - Can be anywhere in small/large
intestine (colon) - Cobblestone appearance (fissures/nodules) - loses ability to
digest and absorb - Abd. pain in right lower quadrant - Intestinal wall is
thick/rigid - Progressive condition that is slow developing
Question 4.
pancreatitis
Correct Answer: inflammation of the pancreas (acute/chronic)
Question 5.
acute pancreatitis
Correct Answer: Cholelithiasis -Medical emergency - sudden and severe
Question 6.
chronic pancreatitis
Correct Answer: Alcohol abuse - gradual but harmful effects
• acute pancreatitis manifestations -✓✓- Upper abdominal pain that radiates
to the back, worsens after eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning
forward or pulling the knees toward the chest -Nausea and vomiting -Mild
jaundice -Low-grade fever -Blood pressure and pulse changes
,Question 7.
chronic pancreatitis manifestations
Correct Answer: -Upper abdominal pain -Indigestion -Losing weight without
trying -Steatorrhea -Constipation -Flatulence
Question 8.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):
Correct Answer: chyme or bile periodically backs up from the stomach into the
esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa
Question 9.
causes of heartburn
Correct Answer: due to spasm from acid reflux
Question 10.
GERD complications
Correct Answer: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer (the
most serious complication), and chronic pulmonary disease
Question 11.
Cleft palate
Correct Answer: palate results from failure of the hard and soft palate to fuse
in development, creating an opening between the oral and nasal cavity
Question 12.
Cleft lip
Correct Answer: Cleft lip results from failure of the maxillary processes and
nasal elevations or upper lip to fuse during development
Question 13.
-✓✓Can affect one's appearance and may lead to feeding issues, speech problems, ear
infections, and hearing problems
Question 14.
· Causes of cleft lip and palate
Correct Answer: develop at 4-9 weeks gestation- genetic mutations, drugs,
toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies, and cigarette smoking
, Question 15.
appendicitis & manifestations
Correct Answer: inflammation of the appendix & Sharp abdominal pain
gradually intensifies (over about 12-24 hours), localized to the lower right
quadrant of the abdomen, Rebound tenderness, (Pain may occur anywhere in
abdomen; will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures, and then the pain
will return and escalate), Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and bowel
pattern changes, Indications of inflammation and infection (e.g., fever, chills,
and leukocytosis), Indications of peritonitis (e.g., abdominal rigidity,
tachycardia, and hypotension)
Question 16.
acute gastritis & manifestations
Correct Answer: inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining - Can be a mild,
transient irritation, or it can be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage, Usually
develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric
pain, Vomiting and Anorexia (loss of appetite)
Question 17.
chronic gastritis & manifestations
Correct Answer: inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining -Develops
gradually, May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric
pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake, Gastritis can be further
categorized as erosive or nonerosive
Question 18.
gastroenteritis
Correct Answer: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because
of an infection or allergic reaction.
Question 19.
What happens if gastroenteritis is left untreated?
Correct Answer: dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Question 20.
Gallstones
Correct Answer: Cholelithiasis; biliary colic, abdominal distension, nausea,
vomiting, jaundice, fever, and leukocytosis (Upper quadrant pain)
Guide Questions and Answers - Focused Revision Pack - A+
Verified
Question 1.
peritonitis
Correct Answer: inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the
abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)
Question 2.
Why does the abdomen become rigid with peritonitis?
Correct Answer: Due to inflammation And abdominal muscle spasms
Question 3.
Ulcerative colitis V Chron's
Correct Answer: UC: - Condition in mucosa only - Begins in the rectum and
then extends to the entire colon - Develops fast (20-30 sec) - Rarely affects
small intestines - inflammation triggered by T cells accumulation in mucosa
Chron's: - Condition that is full thickness - Can be anywhere in small/large
intestine (colon) - Cobblestone appearance (fissures/nodules) - loses ability to
digest and absorb - Abd. pain in right lower quadrant - Intestinal wall is
thick/rigid - Progressive condition that is slow developing
Question 4.
pancreatitis
Correct Answer: inflammation of the pancreas (acute/chronic)
Question 5.
acute pancreatitis
Correct Answer: Cholelithiasis -Medical emergency - sudden and severe
Question 6.
chronic pancreatitis
Correct Answer: Alcohol abuse - gradual but harmful effects
• acute pancreatitis manifestations -✓✓- Upper abdominal pain that radiates
to the back, worsens after eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning
forward or pulling the knees toward the chest -Nausea and vomiting -Mild
jaundice -Low-grade fever -Blood pressure and pulse changes
,Question 7.
chronic pancreatitis manifestations
Correct Answer: -Upper abdominal pain -Indigestion -Losing weight without
trying -Steatorrhea -Constipation -Flatulence
Question 8.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):
Correct Answer: chyme or bile periodically backs up from the stomach into the
esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa
Question 9.
causes of heartburn
Correct Answer: due to spasm from acid reflux
Question 10.
GERD complications
Correct Answer: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer (the
most serious complication), and chronic pulmonary disease
Question 11.
Cleft palate
Correct Answer: palate results from failure of the hard and soft palate to fuse
in development, creating an opening between the oral and nasal cavity
Question 12.
Cleft lip
Correct Answer: Cleft lip results from failure of the maxillary processes and
nasal elevations or upper lip to fuse during development
Question 13.
-✓✓Can affect one's appearance and may lead to feeding issues, speech problems, ear
infections, and hearing problems
Question 14.
· Causes of cleft lip and palate
Correct Answer: develop at 4-9 weeks gestation- genetic mutations, drugs,
toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies, and cigarette smoking
, Question 15.
appendicitis & manifestations
Correct Answer: inflammation of the appendix & Sharp abdominal pain
gradually intensifies (over about 12-24 hours), localized to the lower right
quadrant of the abdomen, Rebound tenderness, (Pain may occur anywhere in
abdomen; will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures, and then the pain
will return and escalate), Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and bowel
pattern changes, Indications of inflammation and infection (e.g., fever, chills,
and leukocytosis), Indications of peritonitis (e.g., abdominal rigidity,
tachycardia, and hypotension)
Question 16.
acute gastritis & manifestations
Correct Answer: inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining - Can be a mild,
transient irritation, or it can be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage, Usually
develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric
pain, Vomiting and Anorexia (loss of appetite)
Question 17.
chronic gastritis & manifestations
Correct Answer: inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining -Develops
gradually, May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric
pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake, Gastritis can be further
categorized as erosive or nonerosive
Question 18.
gastroenteritis
Correct Answer: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because
of an infection or allergic reaction.
Question 19.
What happens if gastroenteritis is left untreated?
Correct Answer: dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Question 20.
Gallstones
Correct Answer: Cholelithiasis; biliary colic, abdominal distension, nausea,
vomiting, jaundice, fever, and leukocytosis (Upper quadrant pain)
