Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions with
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
PRACTICE
r5
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. r5
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
numbers?
r5
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
step in the process?
r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing r5
C) Antigen margination r5
D) Recognition and adherence r5 r5
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
permeability and pain?
r5 r5 r5
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide r5
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
of inflammation and includes:
r5 r5 r5 r5
A) fever and lethargy. r5 r5
B) decreased C-reactive protein. r5 r5
C) positive nitrogen balance. r5 r5
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
r5 r5 r5
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
which of the following phenomena?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
,A) Profuse fibrinous exudation r5 r5
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis r5 r5 r5
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages r5 r5 r5
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. r5 r5 r5
C) block viral replication in cells.
r5 r5 r5 r5
D) inhibit prostaglandin release. r5 r5
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris r5 r5 r5
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. experiencing chronic inflammation? r5 r5
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) r5
, B) 38.0C (100.4F) r5
C) 35.5C (95.9F) r5
D) 37.3C (99.1F) r5
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts r5 r5 r5 r5
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air r5 r5 r5 r5
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles r5 r5 r5
D) Decreased urine production r5 r5
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
most likely the primary cause of her request?
r 5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Evaporation and conduction r5 r5
B) Radiation and convection r5 r5
C) Conduction and convection r5 r5
D) Convection and evaporation r5 r5
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Acute inflammation r5
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction r5
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure r5
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. developing a neurogenic fever? r5 r5 r5
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions with
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
PRACTICE
r5
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. r5
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
numbers?
r5
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
step in the process?
r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing r5
C) Antigen margination r5
D) Recognition and adherence r5 r5
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
permeability and pain?
r5 r5 r5
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide r5
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
of inflammation and includes:
r5 r5 r5 r5
A) fever and lethargy. r5 r5
B) decreased C-reactive protein. r5 r5
C) positive nitrogen balance. r5 r5
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
r5 r5 r5
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
which of the following phenomena?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
,A) Profuse fibrinous exudation r5 r5
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis r5 r5 r5
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages r5 r5 r5
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. r5 r5 r5
C) block viral replication in cells.
r5 r5 r5 r5
D) inhibit prostaglandin release. r5 r5
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris r5 r5 r5
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. experiencing chronic inflammation? r5 r5
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) r5
, B) 38.0C (100.4F) r5
C) 35.5C (95.9F) r5
D) 37.3C (99.1F) r5
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts r5 r5 r5 r5
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air r5 r5 r5 r5
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles r5 r5 r5
D) Decreased urine production r5 r5
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
most likely the primary cause of her request?
r 5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Evaporation and conduction r5 r5
B) Radiation and convection r5 r5
C) Conduction and convection r5 r5
D) Convection and evaporation r5 r5
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
A) Acute inflammation r5
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction r5
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure r5
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5 r5
. developing a neurogenic fever? r5 r5 r5
