Portage A&P 1 Module 6 2027 Exam Prep Test Bank - Updated
Questions and Answers Review
Question 1.
Does the nervous system or endocrine system react faster to external/internal stimuli?
Correct Answer: nervous system
Question 2.
hormone
Correct Answer: Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the
endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another
- purpose is to maintain homeostasis
Question 3.
All hormones have what 3 three things?
Correct Answer: 1. Origin gland/organ
2. target organ/gland
3. action/function
Question 4.
Contrast the two types of hormones
Correct Answer: 1. Steroid hormones
- derived from cholesterol
- freely enters cell & nucleus to bind to intracellular receptors inside target
cell to form a hormone-receptor complex that regulates gene expression for
protein synthesis
- slower-acting (takes time to synthesize proteins)
- longer-lasting effects (impacts change at a cellular level)
- stored in fat droplets
2. Peptide hormones
- derived from proteins, peptides, and catecholamines
- bind to extracellular receptors that initiate a signal cascade within the cell
- activate already existing enzymes present in the cell
- fast-acting
- short-term; not long-lasting effects
Question 5.
Contrast the two types of glands
Correct Answer: 1. Endocrine glands: ductless, so secrete contents DIRECTLY
INTO BLOODSTREAM
2. Exocrine glands: have DUCTS that secrete contents into an EPITHELIAL
, SURFACE (ex. salivary glands into mouth)
Question 6.
Primary endocrine organs
Correct Answer: TAPPPPH
1. Thyroid
2. Adrenal glands (2)
3. pituitary gland
4. pineal gland
5. parathyroid glands (4)
6. pancreas
7. Hypothalamus
‣ Which primary endocrine organs are located in the brain? -✓✓1.
Hypothalamus
2. pituitary gland
3. pineal gland
Question 7.
Parathyroid glands (4) location, hormones, & purpose
Correct Answer: Location: 4 glands embedded into the posterior surface of the
thyroid gland
Hormones: parathyroid hormone (PTH); opposes calcitonin
Purpose: regulation of calcium levels in the blood
Question 8.
Adrenal glands location, hormones, & purpose
Correct Answer: Location: left & right, located superior to kidneys. Contains
two parts:
1. adrenal medulla (inside)
2. adrenal cortex (outside)
Hormones:
1. adrenal medulla (inside) - secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
2. adrenal cortex (outside) - secretes cortisol and aldosterone
Purpose: help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and in
"fight-or-flight" response to stress
‣ Pancreas gland location, hormones, & purpose -✓✓Location: long organ that
lies transversely in abdomen between kidneys and near the duodenum of the
small intestine
Hormones: produces insulin and glucagon
Purpose: Endocrine AND exocrine roles to regulate blood sugar levels and
provide digestive juices for breakdown
Questions and Answers Review
Question 1.
Does the nervous system or endocrine system react faster to external/internal stimuli?
Correct Answer: nervous system
Question 2.
hormone
Correct Answer: Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the
endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another
- purpose is to maintain homeostasis
Question 3.
All hormones have what 3 three things?
Correct Answer: 1. Origin gland/organ
2. target organ/gland
3. action/function
Question 4.
Contrast the two types of hormones
Correct Answer: 1. Steroid hormones
- derived from cholesterol
- freely enters cell & nucleus to bind to intracellular receptors inside target
cell to form a hormone-receptor complex that regulates gene expression for
protein synthesis
- slower-acting (takes time to synthesize proteins)
- longer-lasting effects (impacts change at a cellular level)
- stored in fat droplets
2. Peptide hormones
- derived from proteins, peptides, and catecholamines
- bind to extracellular receptors that initiate a signal cascade within the cell
- activate already existing enzymes present in the cell
- fast-acting
- short-term; not long-lasting effects
Question 5.
Contrast the two types of glands
Correct Answer: 1. Endocrine glands: ductless, so secrete contents DIRECTLY
INTO BLOODSTREAM
2. Exocrine glands: have DUCTS that secrete contents into an EPITHELIAL
, SURFACE (ex. salivary glands into mouth)
Question 6.
Primary endocrine organs
Correct Answer: TAPPPPH
1. Thyroid
2. Adrenal glands (2)
3. pituitary gland
4. pineal gland
5. parathyroid glands (4)
6. pancreas
7. Hypothalamus
‣ Which primary endocrine organs are located in the brain? -✓✓1.
Hypothalamus
2. pituitary gland
3. pineal gland
Question 7.
Parathyroid glands (4) location, hormones, & purpose
Correct Answer: Location: 4 glands embedded into the posterior surface of the
thyroid gland
Hormones: parathyroid hormone (PTH); opposes calcitonin
Purpose: regulation of calcium levels in the blood
Question 8.
Adrenal glands location, hormones, & purpose
Correct Answer: Location: left & right, located superior to kidneys. Contains
two parts:
1. adrenal medulla (inside)
2. adrenal cortex (outside)
Hormones:
1. adrenal medulla (inside) - secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
2. adrenal cortex (outside) - secretes cortisol and aldosterone
Purpose: help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and in
"fight-or-flight" response to stress
‣ Pancreas gland location, hormones, & purpose -✓✓Location: long organ that
lies transversely in abdomen between kidneys and near the duodenum of the
small intestine
Hormones: produces insulin and glucagon
Purpose: Endocrine AND exocrine roles to regulate blood sugar levels and
provide digestive juices for breakdown
