NSG 3100 — FUNDAMENTALS
EXAM 3 MASTER STUDY GUIDE
Unit 6: Chapters 34, 40, 41 | Units 7 & 8: Chapter 35
Diagnostic Testing • Bowel Elimination • Urinary Elimination • Medication Administration
READ THIS FIRST:
Every fact in this guide is sourced directly from your Yoost & Crawford Fundamentals of Nursing textbook
chapters (34, 35, 40, 41) that you uploaded. No outside sources were used.
A handful of your professor’s objectives use numbers/terms slightly different from the textbook’s exact wording
(e.g., "guaiac" vs. "FOBT," or the exact enema names). Wherever that happens, this guide gives you BOTH the
professor’s wording and the book’s wording side-by-side, clearly labeled, so you are covered either way the
question is phrased.
How To Use the Color-Coded Boxes in This Guide
Every callout box below is color-coded — the box color, border color, and label color all match, so you can recognize
the type of note at a glance while flipping through the guide.
BLUE — WHY / RATIONALE:
Explains the underlying reason or mechanism behind a fact — the "why does the body/procedure do this" behind
the "what." Understanding the why makes the fact impossible to forget.
RED — EXAM ALERT:
Flags exactly what this content tends to look like on an exam — the specific number, phrase, or distractor pattern
to watch for.
GREEN — WHEN YOU SEE THIS, THINK THIS:
A trigger-response pairing: when you see this clue in a question stem, your brain should immediately jump to this
answer.
YELLOW/GOLD — EXPLAIN IT LIKE I’M A KID:
The same concept explained in the simplest possible terms, like you are explaining it to a child. Use this when a
concept feels tangled — it strips away the jargon.
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 1
,Exam 3 Blueprint
Exam 3 Format — 50 Questions Total
Unit Content # of Items
Unit 6 Bowel & Urinary Elimination + Diagnostic Testing (Ch. 34, 40, 41) 25
Units 7 & 8 Medication Administration (Ch. 35) 25
TOTAL 50
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 2
,UNIT 6 — Unit Student Learning Outcomes (USLOs)
Unit 6 covers Chapter 34 (Diagnostic Testing), Chapter 40 (Bowel Elimination), and Chapter 41 (Urinary Elimination).
● 1. Identify factors that influence urinary and fecal elimination.
● 2. Describe the nursing process as it relates to urinary and fecal elimination.
● 3. Identify effective communication and collaboration skills required when providing care for patients with
urinary and fecal elimination problems.
● 4. Evaluate the appropriate utilization of diagnostic testing techniques to support clinical decision-making of
patients across the lifespan and healthcare continuum.
Unit 6 — Professor’s Exam Objectives: Quick-Answer Key
This table gives you the fast answer to each objective your professor listed. Full detail, rationale, and callouts for
every one of these appear in the chapter sections that follow.
# Objective (Professor’s Wording) Quick Answer Source
1 Normal urinary output for an adult ~0.5–1.5 mL/kg/hr overall; output under 30 mL/hr signals decreased Ch. 41
renal perfusion — report to the PCP immediately.
2 Non-invasive urinary diagnostic KUB (plain x-ray), ultrasound, MRI, CT (all noncontrast/non-invasive Ch. 34
tests versions)
3 Blood glucose monitoring tests Fingerstick glucose (74–106 mg/dL per book) and Hgb A1c Ch. 34
(glycosylated hemoglobin, reflects 2–3 month average)
4 Contrast media nursing Check allergies (iodine/shellfish), check BUN/creatinine/renal Ch. 34 & 41
considerations function, check for metformin use, consent signed
5 Urine lab tests: BUN, Cr, UA BUN 10–20 mg/dL; Creatinine 0.5–1.1 (F)/0.6–1.3 (M) mg/dL; UA Ch. 34
screens for UTI + other disease
6 Biopsy vs. aspiration Biopsy = removes tissue (solid cells/mass); Aspiration = removes Ch. 34
fluid (needle, minimal trauma)
7 Caring for an indwelling urinary Clean meatus→outward at least 4 inches; bag always below bladder, Ch. 41
catheter hung on bed frame; never disconnect the closed system
8 Who is at greatest UTI risk Anyone with an indwelling catheter (~80% of UTIs), older adults, Ch. 41
females (short urethra), obstruction, diabetics
9 How to insert a urinary catheter Nondominant hand = "clean," holds labia/penis; dominant hand = Ch. 41
"sterile," cleanses/inserts catheter
10 3-way indwelling catheter irrigation Triple-lumen catheter allows continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) to Ch. 41
flush clots/prevent obstruction after GU surgery
11 Recognizing urinary retention & Inability to empty the bladder; distended/palpable bladder; risk = Ch. 41
risk obstruction, BPH, anesthesia, neuro disorders
12 Greatest risk for retention + UTI A patient with a blocked/kinked/obstructed catheter — obstruction Ch. 41
together directly causes both problems
13 Dietary factors affecting bowel Fiber (20–35 g/day), fluid (6–8 glasses/day), mobility, regular meal Ch. 40
elimination schedule
14 Melena Black, tarry stool from upper GI bleeding Ch. 40
15 Stool variations Meconium (black/sticky), NSAID/iron (red or black), antacids (white Ch. 40
specks), barium (white/gray)
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 3
, # Objective (Professor’s Wording) Quick Answer Source
16 Fecal impaction findings & risks Cardinal sign = liquid stool oozing around a hard mass with NO Ch. 40
normal stool; distention, cramping, pain
17 Large-volume enema & enema Cleansing enema, 120–1000 mL; oil-retention, medication, Ch. 40
types carminative, return-flow types
18 Food choices for bowel health Fresh fruit, beans, vegetables, bran cereal, high fiber, adequate Ch. 40
fluids
19 Steps to administer an enema Left side-lying, lubricate tip 6–8 cm, raise bag 12–18 inches above Ch. 40
hip, instill slowly, retain as long as possible
20 Hypertonic enema mechanism Draws fluid OUT of interstitial spaces INTO the colon by osmotic Ch. 40
pressure (small volume, works fast)
21 Ostomy appliance change & stoma Every 3–7 days if intact; warm water only, no Ch. 40
care soap/scrubbing/premoistened wipes
22 Guaiac test Guaiac-based Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT); bluish color on Ch. 34 & 40
developer = blood present
23 Thoracentesis / colonoscopy / Thoracentesis = pleural fluid (lungs); Colonoscopy = large bowel; Ch. 34
endoscopy Endoscopy (EGD) = esophagus/stomach/duodenum
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 4
EXAM 3 MASTER STUDY GUIDE
Unit 6: Chapters 34, 40, 41 | Units 7 & 8: Chapter 35
Diagnostic Testing • Bowel Elimination • Urinary Elimination • Medication Administration
READ THIS FIRST:
Every fact in this guide is sourced directly from your Yoost & Crawford Fundamentals of Nursing textbook
chapters (34, 35, 40, 41) that you uploaded. No outside sources were used.
A handful of your professor’s objectives use numbers/terms slightly different from the textbook’s exact wording
(e.g., "guaiac" vs. "FOBT," or the exact enema names). Wherever that happens, this guide gives you BOTH the
professor’s wording and the book’s wording side-by-side, clearly labeled, so you are covered either way the
question is phrased.
How To Use the Color-Coded Boxes in This Guide
Every callout box below is color-coded — the box color, border color, and label color all match, so you can recognize
the type of note at a glance while flipping through the guide.
BLUE — WHY / RATIONALE:
Explains the underlying reason or mechanism behind a fact — the "why does the body/procedure do this" behind
the "what." Understanding the why makes the fact impossible to forget.
RED — EXAM ALERT:
Flags exactly what this content tends to look like on an exam — the specific number, phrase, or distractor pattern
to watch for.
GREEN — WHEN YOU SEE THIS, THINK THIS:
A trigger-response pairing: when you see this clue in a question stem, your brain should immediately jump to this
answer.
YELLOW/GOLD — EXPLAIN IT LIKE I’M A KID:
The same concept explained in the simplest possible terms, like you are explaining it to a child. Use this when a
concept feels tangled — it strips away the jargon.
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 1
,Exam 3 Blueprint
Exam 3 Format — 50 Questions Total
Unit Content # of Items
Unit 6 Bowel & Urinary Elimination + Diagnostic Testing (Ch. 34, 40, 41) 25
Units 7 & 8 Medication Administration (Ch. 35) 25
TOTAL 50
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 2
,UNIT 6 — Unit Student Learning Outcomes (USLOs)
Unit 6 covers Chapter 34 (Diagnostic Testing), Chapter 40 (Bowel Elimination), and Chapter 41 (Urinary Elimination).
● 1. Identify factors that influence urinary and fecal elimination.
● 2. Describe the nursing process as it relates to urinary and fecal elimination.
● 3. Identify effective communication and collaboration skills required when providing care for patients with
urinary and fecal elimination problems.
● 4. Evaluate the appropriate utilization of diagnostic testing techniques to support clinical decision-making of
patients across the lifespan and healthcare continuum.
Unit 6 — Professor’s Exam Objectives: Quick-Answer Key
This table gives you the fast answer to each objective your professor listed. Full detail, rationale, and callouts for
every one of these appear in the chapter sections that follow.
# Objective (Professor’s Wording) Quick Answer Source
1 Normal urinary output for an adult ~0.5–1.5 mL/kg/hr overall; output under 30 mL/hr signals decreased Ch. 41
renal perfusion — report to the PCP immediately.
2 Non-invasive urinary diagnostic KUB (plain x-ray), ultrasound, MRI, CT (all noncontrast/non-invasive Ch. 34
tests versions)
3 Blood glucose monitoring tests Fingerstick glucose (74–106 mg/dL per book) and Hgb A1c Ch. 34
(glycosylated hemoglobin, reflects 2–3 month average)
4 Contrast media nursing Check allergies (iodine/shellfish), check BUN/creatinine/renal Ch. 34 & 41
considerations function, check for metformin use, consent signed
5 Urine lab tests: BUN, Cr, UA BUN 10–20 mg/dL; Creatinine 0.5–1.1 (F)/0.6–1.3 (M) mg/dL; UA Ch. 34
screens for UTI + other disease
6 Biopsy vs. aspiration Biopsy = removes tissue (solid cells/mass); Aspiration = removes Ch. 34
fluid (needle, minimal trauma)
7 Caring for an indwelling urinary Clean meatus→outward at least 4 inches; bag always below bladder, Ch. 41
catheter hung on bed frame; never disconnect the closed system
8 Who is at greatest UTI risk Anyone with an indwelling catheter (~80% of UTIs), older adults, Ch. 41
females (short urethra), obstruction, diabetics
9 How to insert a urinary catheter Nondominant hand = "clean," holds labia/penis; dominant hand = Ch. 41
"sterile," cleanses/inserts catheter
10 3-way indwelling catheter irrigation Triple-lumen catheter allows continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) to Ch. 41
flush clots/prevent obstruction after GU surgery
11 Recognizing urinary retention & Inability to empty the bladder; distended/palpable bladder; risk = Ch. 41
risk obstruction, BPH, anesthesia, neuro disorders
12 Greatest risk for retention + UTI A patient with a blocked/kinked/obstructed catheter — obstruction Ch. 41
together directly causes both problems
13 Dietary factors affecting bowel Fiber (20–35 g/day), fluid (6–8 glasses/day), mobility, regular meal Ch. 40
elimination schedule
14 Melena Black, tarry stool from upper GI bleeding Ch. 40
15 Stool variations Meconium (black/sticky), NSAID/iron (red or black), antacids (white Ch. 40
specks), barium (white/gray)
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 3
, # Objective (Professor’s Wording) Quick Answer Source
16 Fecal impaction findings & risks Cardinal sign = liquid stool oozing around a hard mass with NO Ch. 40
normal stool; distention, cramping, pain
17 Large-volume enema & enema Cleansing enema, 120–1000 mL; oil-retention, medication, Ch. 40
types carminative, return-flow types
18 Food choices for bowel health Fresh fruit, beans, vegetables, bran cereal, high fiber, adequate Ch. 40
fluids
19 Steps to administer an enema Left side-lying, lubricate tip 6–8 cm, raise bag 12–18 inches above Ch. 40
hip, instill slowly, retain as long as possible
20 Hypertonic enema mechanism Draws fluid OUT of interstitial spaces INTO the colon by osmotic Ch. 40
pressure (small volume, works fast)
21 Ostomy appliance change & stoma Every 3–7 days if intact; warm water only, no Ch. 40
care soap/scrubbing/premoistened wipes
22 Guaiac test Guaiac-based Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT); bluish color on Ch. 34 & 40
developer = blood present
23 Thoracentesis / colonoscopy / Thoracentesis = pleural fluid (lungs); Colonoscopy = large bowel; Ch. 34
endoscopy Endoscopy (EGD) = esophagus/stomach/duodenum
NSG 3100 — Exam 3 Master Study Guide | Page 4
