PN Adult Med-Surg CMS review
lAteSt All verSiONS ACtuAl eXAM
COMPlete QueStiONS ANd COrreCt
detAiled ANSwerS (veriFied
ANSwerS) |AlreAdY grAded A+
2026/2027 witH Free PrACtiCe teSt
SetS.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about pursed-lip breathing. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include?
A. Inhale quickly through the mouth and exhale forcefully.
B. Inhale through the nose and exhale slowly through pursed lips.
C. Take rapid, shallow breaths to increase oxygen intake.
D. Hold your breath for 10 seconds after each inhalation.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing helps keep airways open longer by creating positive pressure,
which prevents airway collapse during exhalation, making it easier to get air out. Inhaling
through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips is the correct technique. Option A is
,incorrect as forceful exhalation can cause airway collapse. Option C is incorrect as rapid, shallow
breaths are inefficient. Option D is incorrect as breath-holding is not part of this technique.
2. A client is experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which medication should the nurse
anticipate administering for immediate relief?
A. Fluticasone (inhaled corticosteroid)
B. Montelukast (leukotriene modifier)
C. Albuterol (short-acting beta-agonist)
D. Prednisone (oral corticosteroid)
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used as a rescue medication for acute
bronchospasm because it acts quickly to dilate the airways. Fluticasone and prednisone are
long-term control medications and are not for immediate rescue. Montelukast is also a long-
term controller medication.
3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting a new prescription for an inhaled
corticosteroid. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
A. "I will use this medication as my primary rescue inhaler."
B. "I should rinse my mouth out after each use."
C. "I will stop taking this medication when I feel better."
D. "I need to take this medication only when I have symptoms."
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Rinsing the mouth after using an inhaled corticosteroid is crucial to prevent oral
candidiasis (thrush), a common side effect. Inhaled corticosteroids are long-term controllers,
not rescue medications, so A and D are incorrect. The medication should be taken regularly as
prescribed, not stopped when feeling better, so C is incorrect.
4. A nurse is assessing a client with severe asthma. The nurse notes that the client has a
"silent chest" upon auscultation. The nurse should recognize this finding as:
,A. A sign of improvement in the client's condition.
B. An emergency indicating severe airway constriction.
C. A common finding in clients with mild asthma.
D. An indication that the client has a pneumothorax.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: A "silent chest" is a ominous sign indicating such severe airway constriction that
there is minimal air movement to create breath sounds. This is a medical emergency. It does not
indicate improvement or a mild condition.
5. A client is admitted with a suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following
actions should the nurse take first?
A. Administer a prescribed anticoagulant.
B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG.
C. Apply supplemental oxygen and notify the rapid response team.
D. Position the client in a high-Fowler's position.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C
Rationale: The priority for a client with a suspected PE is to ensure adequate oxygenation and
escalate care immediately. Applying oxygen and notifying the rapid response team or provider
are the first critical actions. Anticoagulants are given after diagnosis, and while an ECG and
positioning are important, they are not the immediate priority over oxygenation and escalation.
6. A nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
A. Peripheral edema and jugular vein distension.
B. Crackles, dyspnea, and pink frothy sputum.
C. Weight gain and ascites.
D. Bradycardia and hypertension.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion. Key signs include crackles in
, the lungs, dyspnea, orthopnea, and in severe cases, pink frothy sputum. Options A and C are
signs of right-sided heart failure. Option D is not a classic sign of left-sided heart failure.
7. A nurse is caring for a client with right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
A. Pulmonary edema and orthopnea.
B. Pink frothy sputum and crackles.
C. Peripheral edema, JVD, and weight gain.
D. Dyspnea and a dry, hacking cough.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion. This causes peripheral
edema, jugular vein distension (JVD), weight gain, and ascites. Options A and B are signs of left-
sided heart failure.
8. A client is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which of the following laboratory values should
the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Serum sodium.
B. Serum potassium.
C. Serum calcium.
D. Serum magnesium.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant potassium loss (hypokalemia).
Monitoring serum potassium is a critical nursing priority to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias. While
other electrolytes can be affected, potassium is the most common and dangerous imbalance.
9. A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors. Which of the
following should the nurse include as a life-threatening emergency?
A. Persistent dry cough.
B. Dizziness upon standing.
C. Angioedema.
D. Hyperkalemia.
lAteSt All verSiONS ACtuAl eXAM
COMPlete QueStiONS ANd COrreCt
detAiled ANSwerS (veriFied
ANSwerS) |AlreAdY grAded A+
2026/2027 witH Free PrACtiCe teSt
SetS.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about pursed-lip breathing. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include?
A. Inhale quickly through the mouth and exhale forcefully.
B. Inhale through the nose and exhale slowly through pursed lips.
C. Take rapid, shallow breaths to increase oxygen intake.
D. Hold your breath for 10 seconds after each inhalation.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing helps keep airways open longer by creating positive pressure,
which prevents airway collapse during exhalation, making it easier to get air out. Inhaling
through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips is the correct technique. Option A is
,incorrect as forceful exhalation can cause airway collapse. Option C is incorrect as rapid, shallow
breaths are inefficient. Option D is incorrect as breath-holding is not part of this technique.
2. A client is experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which medication should the nurse
anticipate administering for immediate relief?
A. Fluticasone (inhaled corticosteroid)
B. Montelukast (leukotriene modifier)
C. Albuterol (short-acting beta-agonist)
D. Prednisone (oral corticosteroid)
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used as a rescue medication for acute
bronchospasm because it acts quickly to dilate the airways. Fluticasone and prednisone are
long-term control medications and are not for immediate rescue. Montelukast is also a long-
term controller medication.
3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting a new prescription for an inhaled
corticosteroid. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
A. "I will use this medication as my primary rescue inhaler."
B. "I should rinse my mouth out after each use."
C. "I will stop taking this medication when I feel better."
D. "I need to take this medication only when I have symptoms."
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Rinsing the mouth after using an inhaled corticosteroid is crucial to prevent oral
candidiasis (thrush), a common side effect. Inhaled corticosteroids are long-term controllers,
not rescue medications, so A and D are incorrect. The medication should be taken regularly as
prescribed, not stopped when feeling better, so C is incorrect.
4. A nurse is assessing a client with severe asthma. The nurse notes that the client has a
"silent chest" upon auscultation. The nurse should recognize this finding as:
,A. A sign of improvement in the client's condition.
B. An emergency indicating severe airway constriction.
C. A common finding in clients with mild asthma.
D. An indication that the client has a pneumothorax.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: A "silent chest" is a ominous sign indicating such severe airway constriction that
there is minimal air movement to create breath sounds. This is a medical emergency. It does not
indicate improvement or a mild condition.
5. A client is admitted with a suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following
actions should the nurse take first?
A. Administer a prescribed anticoagulant.
B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG.
C. Apply supplemental oxygen and notify the rapid response team.
D. Position the client in a high-Fowler's position.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C
Rationale: The priority for a client with a suspected PE is to ensure adequate oxygenation and
escalate care immediately. Applying oxygen and notifying the rapid response team or provider
are the first critical actions. Anticoagulants are given after diagnosis, and while an ECG and
positioning are important, they are not the immediate priority over oxygenation and escalation.
6. A nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
A. Peripheral edema and jugular vein distension.
B. Crackles, dyspnea, and pink frothy sputum.
C. Weight gain and ascites.
D. Bradycardia and hypertension.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion. Key signs include crackles in
, the lungs, dyspnea, orthopnea, and in severe cases, pink frothy sputum. Options A and C are
signs of right-sided heart failure. Option D is not a classic sign of left-sided heart failure.
7. A nurse is caring for a client with right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings
should the nurse expect?
A. Pulmonary edema and orthopnea.
B. Pink frothy sputum and crackles.
C. Peripheral edema, JVD, and weight gain.
D. Dyspnea and a dry, hacking cough.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion. This causes peripheral
edema, jugular vein distension (JVD), weight gain, and ascites. Options A and B are signs of left-
sided heart failure.
8. A client is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which of the following laboratory values should
the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Serum sodium.
B. Serum potassium.
C. Serum calcium.
D. Serum magnesium.
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant potassium loss (hypokalemia).
Monitoring serum potassium is a critical nursing priority to prevent cardiac dysrhythmias. While
other electrolytes can be affected, potassium is the most common and dangerous imbalance.
9. A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors. Which of the
following should the nurse include as a life-threatening emergency?
A. Persistent dry cough.
B. Dizziness upon standing.
C. Angioedema.
D. Hyperkalemia.
