NURS 615: ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDEQUESTIONS &
ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
WHO Prescribing Process
A structured approach to prescribing that includes making a diagnosis, setting therapeutic goals,
deciding on therapeutic approaches, choosing a drug class, selecting a generic drug,
individualizing dose and formulation, verifying drug suitability, writing the prescription,
informing the patient, monitoring effects, and altering the prescription if necessary.
Routes of Administration
Different methods of delivering drugs into the body, including oral, rectal, sublingual,
intrathecal, transdermal, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), topical, and
inhalation.
Pharmacodynamics
The study of what the drug does to the body.
Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the body does to the drug.
Absorption
The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream, influenced by routes of administration and
factors like membrane solubility and ionization.
Distribution
The dispersion of a drug throughout the fluids and tissues of the body.
Metabolism
The process by which the body breaks down and inactivates a drug, typically occurring in the
liver.
Elimination/Excretion
The process by which a drug leaves the body, primarily through urine, feces, sweat, or
respiration.
Bioavailability
The proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is
available for action.
Efficacy
The ability of a drug to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
, 2
Potency
The amount of drug required to achieve a specific effect.
Volume of Distribution
A pharmacological parameter that describes the distribution of a drug throughout the body.
Lipophilic Drugs
Fat-loving drugs that easily cross biological membranes, have a high volume of distribution, and
are cleared by the liver.
Hydrophilic Drugs
Water-loving drugs that do not cross membranes easily, have a low volume of distribution, and
are cleared by the kidneys.
Conjugation
The process by which the liver makes a substance water-soluble for elimination.
First Pass Metabolism
The metabolic process where a drug is broken down in the gastrointestinal system and liver
before entering systemic circulation, reducing its bioavailability.
Isoenzymes and p450 System
A group of enzymes, particularly CYPs, that play a major role in drug metabolism.
Inhibitors
Substances that inhibit the metabolism of enzymes that metabolize drugs, potentially increasing
drug levels in the system.
Inducers
Substances that promote the production of more enzymes, which can decrease the effectiveness
of certain drugs.
Dependent on functioning renal system
The requirement for a properly functioning kidney system for the elimination of drugs, with
increased toxicity seen in cases of decreased GFR.
Half-life
The time required for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half.
ANSWERS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
WHO Prescribing Process
A structured approach to prescribing that includes making a diagnosis, setting therapeutic goals,
deciding on therapeutic approaches, choosing a drug class, selecting a generic drug,
individualizing dose and formulation, verifying drug suitability, writing the prescription,
informing the patient, monitoring effects, and altering the prescription if necessary.
Routes of Administration
Different methods of delivering drugs into the body, including oral, rectal, sublingual,
intrathecal, transdermal, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), topical, and
inhalation.
Pharmacodynamics
The study of what the drug does to the body.
Pharmacokinetics
The study of what the body does to the drug.
Absorption
The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream, influenced by routes of administration and
factors like membrane solubility and ionization.
Distribution
The dispersion of a drug throughout the fluids and tissues of the body.
Metabolism
The process by which the body breaks down and inactivates a drug, typically occurring in the
liver.
Elimination/Excretion
The process by which a drug leaves the body, primarily through urine, feces, sweat, or
respiration.
Bioavailability
The proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is
available for action.
Efficacy
The ability of a drug to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
, 2
Potency
The amount of drug required to achieve a specific effect.
Volume of Distribution
A pharmacological parameter that describes the distribution of a drug throughout the body.
Lipophilic Drugs
Fat-loving drugs that easily cross biological membranes, have a high volume of distribution, and
are cleared by the liver.
Hydrophilic Drugs
Water-loving drugs that do not cross membranes easily, have a low volume of distribution, and
are cleared by the kidneys.
Conjugation
The process by which the liver makes a substance water-soluble for elimination.
First Pass Metabolism
The metabolic process where a drug is broken down in the gastrointestinal system and liver
before entering systemic circulation, reducing its bioavailability.
Isoenzymes and p450 System
A group of enzymes, particularly CYPs, that play a major role in drug metabolism.
Inhibitors
Substances that inhibit the metabolism of enzymes that metabolize drugs, potentially increasing
drug levels in the system.
Inducers
Substances that promote the production of more enzymes, which can decrease the effectiveness
of certain drugs.
Dependent on functioning renal system
The requirement for a properly functioning kidney system for the elimination of drugs, with
increased toxicity seen in cases of decreased GFR.
Half-life
The time required for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half.
