Solution and Answer Guide: Campbell/Treviño, Biochemistry, 10th Edition. © 2027, 9798214193601; Chapter 1: Biochemistry and the
Organization of Cells
CAMPBELL/TREVIÑO, BIOCHEMISTRY, 10TH
EDITION. © 2027, 9798214193601; CHAPTER 1:
BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE ORGANIZATION OF CELLS
Solution and Answer Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Review Exercise1
1-1 Basic Themes1
1-2 Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry1
1-3 The Beginnings of Biology5
1-4 The Biggest Biological Distinction: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes6
1-5 How We Classify Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes8
1-6 Biochemical Energetics9
REVIEW EXERCISE
1-1 BASIC THEMES
1. Recall List the six simple molecules that may have given rise to early molecules and cells.
Answer: Water, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, and hydrogen
2. Recall List and briefly describe the eight levels of structural organization in the human body.
Answer: See Figure 1.1.
1-2 CHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
3. Recall Organic chemistry focuses on the study of compounds that
(a) contain oxygen and nitrogen.
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Campbell/Treviño, Biochemistry, 10th Edition. © 2027, 9798214193601; Chapter 1: Biochemistry and the
Organization of Cells
(b) contain carbon and hydrogen.
(c) are derived from petroleum.
(d) are insoluble in water.
(e) contain ionic bonds.
(f) contain metals.
(g) are derived from living organisms.
Answer: (b) contain carbon and hydrogen.
4. Recall Describe the characteristics of the four basic classes of small molecules found in cells.
Answer: Amino acids have a central carbon atom that is bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group,
a hydrogen, and a variable group called the side chain. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a general formula of (CH2O)n, where n is at least 3. Nucleotides
are composed of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing ring, and one or more phosphate groups.
Lipids are composed of long chains of hydrocarbons, although they do have small polar portions as
well.
5. Recall Which of the following statements defines a functional group as it relates to organic chemistry?
(a) A type of chemical bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms
(b) A method for naming organic compounds
(c) A specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties
(d) A classification of compounds based on their molecular weight
Answer: (c) A specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical
properties
6. Recall Match each entry in Column A with one in Column B; Column A lists some important functional
groups, whereas Column B shows their structures.
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Organization of Cells
CAMPBELL/TREVIÑO, BIOCHEMISTRY, 10TH
EDITION. © 2027, 9798214193601; CHAPTER 1:
BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE ORGANIZATION OF CELLS
Solution and Answer Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Review Exercise1
1-1 Basic Themes1
1-2 Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry1
1-3 The Beginnings of Biology5
1-4 The Biggest Biological Distinction: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes6
1-5 How We Classify Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes8
1-6 Biochemical Energetics9
REVIEW EXERCISE
1-1 BASIC THEMES
1. Recall List the six simple molecules that may have given rise to early molecules and cells.
Answer: Water, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, and hydrogen
2. Recall List and briefly describe the eight levels of structural organization in the human body.
Answer: See Figure 1.1.
1-2 CHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
3. Recall Organic chemistry focuses on the study of compounds that
(a) contain oxygen and nitrogen.
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Campbell/Treviño, Biochemistry, 10th Edition. © 2027, 9798214193601; Chapter 1: Biochemistry and the
Organization of Cells
(b) contain carbon and hydrogen.
(c) are derived from petroleum.
(d) are insoluble in water.
(e) contain ionic bonds.
(f) contain metals.
(g) are derived from living organisms.
Answer: (b) contain carbon and hydrogen.
4. Recall Describe the characteristics of the four basic classes of small molecules found in cells.
Answer: Amino acids have a central carbon atom that is bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group,
a hydrogen, and a variable group called the side chain. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a general formula of (CH2O)n, where n is at least 3. Nucleotides
are composed of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing ring, and one or more phosphate groups.
Lipids are composed of long chains of hydrocarbons, although they do have small polar portions as
well.
5. Recall Which of the following statements defines a functional group as it relates to organic chemistry?
(a) A type of chemical bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms
(b) A method for naming organic compounds
(c) A specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties
(d) A classification of compounds based on their molecular weight
Answer: (c) A specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical
properties
6. Recall Match each entry in Column A with one in Column B; Column A lists some important functional
groups, whereas Column B shows their structures.
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
